Gas chromatography characterized

Kovats, E. and A. Wehrli (1959), Gas-chromatography characterization of organic compounds. III. Calculation of the retention indexes of aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic compounds . Helv. Chim. Acta, Vol. 42, p. 2709. 

Voelkel, A. Inverse gas chromatography characterization of polymers, fibers, modified silicas, and surfactants. CritRev. Anal. Chem. 22, (1991) 411. 

E.Papirer, A.Vidal and H.Balard, in Inverse Gas Chromatography. Characterization of Polymers and Other Materials, D.R.Lloyd, T.C.Ward, H.P.Schreiber (eds.), ACS, Washington (1989). 

Schultz J, Lavielle L. Interfacial properties of carbon fiber-epoxy matrix composites. In Lloyd DR, Ward TC, Schreiber HP, Pizana CC, eds. Inverse Gas Chromatography—Characterization of Polymers and Other Materials. Washington, DC American Chemical Society, 1989 185-202. de Boer JH. The Dynamic Character of Adsorption. 2d ed. Oxford Clarendon Press, 1968. 

D. R. Lloyd, T. C. Ward, and H. P. Schreiber (eds.). Inverse Gas Chromatography Characterization of Polymers and Other Materials, ACS Symposium Series no. 391, American Chemical Society, Washington DC, 1989. 

Dimethylphenol and 2,6-dimethylphenol could be copolymerized using di- -hydroxo-bis[(WA W A -tetramethylethylenediamine)copper(II)] chloride and tetramethylethylenediamine as a catalyst composition [38]. The conversion of the monomers could be followed by gas chromatography. Characterization of the copolymers by IR revealed that the composition of the copolymer could be controlled by the ratio of monomer feeded. 

Lloyd, D.R., Ward, T.C., and Shreiber, H.P. Eds. Inverse Gas Chromatography, Characterization of Polymers and Other Materials. American Chemical Society Symposium Series, 391, Washington, D.C., 1989, pp. 248-261. 

Analytical investigations may be undertaken to identify the presence of an ABS polymer, characterize the polymer, or identify nonpolymeric ingredients. Fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectroscopy is the method of choice to identify the presence of an ABS polymer and determine the acrylonitrile—butadiene—styrene ratio of the composite polymer (89,90). Confirmation of the presence of mbber domains is achieved by electron microscopy. Comparison with available physical property data serves to increase confidence in the identification or indicate the presence of unexpected stmctural features. Identification of ABS via pyrolysis gas chromatography (91) and dsc ((92) has also been reported. 

Coumarone—indene or coal-tar resins, as the name denotes, are by-products of the coal carbonization process (coking). Although named after two particular components of these resins, coumarone (1) and indene (2), these resins are actually produced by the cationic polymerization of predominantly aromatic feedstreams. These feedstreams are typically composed of compounds such as indene, styrene, and their alkylated analogues. In actuaUty, there is very tittle coumarone in this type of feedstock. The fractions used for resin synthesis typically boil in the range of 150—250°C and are characterized by gas chromatography. 

The characterizations of MDA and PMDA are similar to those normally used for aromatic amines. In the manufacture of PMDA, the MDA isomer distribution and the formation of side products is deterrnined primarily by gas chromatography (48,49). The amine content is deterrnined by acid titration... 

The crystalline mineral silicates have been well characterized and their diversity of stmcture thoroughly presented (2). The stmctures of siHcate glasses and solutions can be investigated through potentiometric and dye adsorption studies, chemical derivatization and gas chromatography, and laser Raman, infrared (ftir), and Si Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance ( Si ft-nmr) spectroscopy. References 3—6 contain reviews of the general chemical and physical properties of siHcate materials. 

In addition to the above techniques, inverse gas chromatography, swelling experiments, tensile tests, mechanical analyses, and small-angle neutron scattering have been used to determine the cross-link density of cured networks (240—245). Si soHd-state nmr and chemical degradation methods have been used to characterize cured networks stmcturaHy (246). H- and H-nmr and spin echo experiments have been used to study the dynamics of cured sihcone networks (247—250). 

There are a variety of analytical methods commonly used for the characterization of neat soap and bar soaps. Many of these methods have been pubUshed as official methods by the American Oil Chemists Society (29). Additionally, many analysts choose United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), British Pharmacopoeia (BP), or Pood Chemical Codex (FCC) methods. These methods tend to be colorimetric, potentiometric, or titrametric procedures. However, a variety of instmmental techniques are also frequendy utilized, eg, gas chromatography, high performance Hquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. 

When simple Hquids like naphtha are cracked, it may be possible to determine the feed components by gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (gc/ms) (30). However, when gas oil is cracked, complete analysis of the feed may not be possible. Therefore, some simple definitions are used to characterize the feed. When available, paraffins, olefins, naphthenes, and aromatics (PONA) content serves as a key property. When PONA is not available, the Bureau of Mines Correlation Index (BMCI) is used. Other properties like specific gravity, ASTM distillation, viscosity, refractive index. Conradson Carbon, and Bromine Number are also used to characterize the feed. In recent years even nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been... 

Deuterium exchange of conjugated enones and dienones on pretreated gas chromatography columns has been found useful for the characterization of these compounds by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. ... 

Figure 12.8 Mia ocolumn size exclusion chromatogram of a styrene-aaylonitrile copolymer sample fractions ti ansfeired to the pyrolysis system are indicated 1-6. Conditions fused-silica column (50 cm X 250 p.m i.d.) packed with Zorbax PSM-1000 (7p.m 4f) eluent, THF flow rate, 2.0 p.L/min detector, Jasco Uvidec V at 220 nm injection size, 20 nL. Reprinted from Analytical Chemistry, 61, H. J. Cortes et al, Multidimensional chromatography using on-line microcolumn liquid chromatography and pyrolysis gas chromatography for polymer characterization , pp. 961 -965, copyright 1989, with peimission from the American Chemical Society.

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