Gardner

Glavincevski, B., O.L. Gulder and L. Gardner (1984), Cetane number estimation of diesel fuels from carbon type structural composition . SAE paper No. S4- 34, International fuels and lubricants meeting, Baltimore, MD. 

Johansen C R, Nelson H M and Gardner J H 1968 Method for measuring magnetization to high pressures J. Appl. Phys. 39 2152... 

Molecular Modelling and Drug Design J. G. Vintner, M. Gardner, Eds., CRC, Boca Raton (1994). 

The ff-oxidation of carbonyl compounds may be performed by addition of molecular oxygen to enolate anions and subsequent reduction of the hydroperoxy group, e.g. with triethyl phosphite (E.J. Bailey, 1962 J.N. Gardner, 1968 A,B). If the initially formed a-hydroperoxide possesses another enolizable a-proton, dehydration to the 1,2-dione occurs spontaneously, and further oxidation to complex product mitctures is usually observed. 

Batley, G. E. Gardner, D. Sampling and Storage of Natural Waters for Trace Metal Analysis , Wat Res. 1977,11, 745-756. 

Color. Colors of hydrocarbon resins are routinely deterrnined on the Gardner scale (ASTM D154) or on the Saybolt scale (ASTM D156). 

Thermoplastic resins produced from pure monomers such as styrene, alkyl-substituted styrenes, and isobutylene are produced commercially. An advantage of these resins is the fact that they are typically lighter in color than Gardner 1 (water-white) without being hydrogenated. Among the earliest resins in this category were those made from styrene and sold as Piccolastic. Styrene and alkyl-substituted styrenes such as a-methylstyrene are very reactive toward Friedel-Crafts polymerization catalysts. 

To avoid high resin chloride content associated with the use of high concentrations of aluminum trichloride, a ttialhylalurninum—water cocatalyst system in a 1.0 0.5 to 1.0 mole ratio has been used in conjunction with an organic chloride for the polymerization of P-pinene (95). Softening points up to 120°C were achieved with 1—3 Gardner unit improvement in color over AlCl produced resins. 

L. H. Flett and W. H. Gardner, Maleic Anhydride Derivatives, John Wiley Sons, Inc., New York, 1952. 

Oil Absorption. The Gardner mb-out (ASTM D281) method is used for this evaluation. A 5-g sample of mica is placed on a smooth glass plate, and linseed oil is added by drops. The mica is constantiy mixed while the oil is being added. The end point is reached when the mica becomes saturated with oil. The amount of oil per 45.4 kg of mica is calculated as follows ... 

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