Ganglioside synthesis

G. van Echten and K. Sandhof, Modulation of ganglioside synthesis in primary cultured... 

Butyrate appears to have its most profound effects on neoplastic cells such as HeLa in addition to morphological and biochemical differentiation, the fatty acid inhibits cell growth (2). Previous studies have established a correlation between decreased ganglioside synthesis and malignant transformation (43-46). Transformed baby hamster kidney and newborn rat kidney cells exhibited a loss of GM3 and sialyl transferase activity (43,44). 

Modulation of Ganglioside Synthesis by Enkephalins, Opiates, and Prostaglandins... 

Effect of Opiate Agonists and Antagonists on Ganglioside synthesis in N4TG1 Cells... 

Figure 1. Dose-dependent inhibition of ganglioside synthesis in N4TG1 cells by morphine and [d-A la2, D-Leu5] enkephalin under conditions described in text...

If a direct correlation between ganglioside synthesis and cyclic AMP levels does in fact exist then a hypothesis must be developed to explain it. Based on our current level of understanding, the most plausible hypothesis involves linking the two phenomena by a... 

TABLE IV. Modulation of Cyclic AMP levels in neuroblastoma cells is directly related to ganglioside synthesis... 

IV. Facilitation of Functional Synapse Formation and Ganglioside Synthesis by L-PDMP... 

Fig. 5B). The elevation of ganglioside synthesis was confirmed to be due, in part at least, to increased activity of three gangliosides synthases, as assayed with lysates prepared from the cells pretreated with L-PDMP as described above. 

Singh JK, Yan Q, Dawson G, Banerjee P. Cell-specific regulation of the stably expressed serotonin 5-HT1A receptor and altered ganglioside synthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta 1996 1310 201-211. 

Maccioni, H. J., Daniotti, J. L., and Martina, J. A., 1999, Organization of ganglioside synthesis in the Golgi apparatus. Biochim Biophys Acta 1437 101-118. 

Yamashita T, Wu YP, Sandhoff R, Werth N, Mizukami H, Ellis JM, Dupree JL, Geyer R, Sandhoff K, Proia RL. Interruption of ganglioside synthesis produces central nervous system degeneration and altered axon-glial interactions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2005 102 2725-2730. 

Unlike lysosomal lipid-storage diseases (see below), very few metabolic diseases are known to be related to mutations of glycosyltransferases in ganglioside synthesis. The one new finding has been from that of Simpson et al. [45], who showed that a nonsense mutation of ST-I (GM3-synthase) is the cause of human autosomal recessive infantile-onset s)mptomatic epilepsy s)mdrome. Because ST-I is a key enz)me in the synthesis of all complex gangliosides, this report clearly indicates that the precise expression of complex gangliosides has critical biological functions in human nervous system development. 

Sango K, Johnson ON, Kozak CA, Proia RL (1995) /il,4-N-Acetylgalactosaminyltrans-ferase involved in ganglioside synthesis cDNA sequence, expression, and chromosome mapping of the mouse gene. Genomics 27 362-365... 

B) an increased concentration of the UDP-sugars required for ganglioside synthesis... 

---