Gallium radionuclides

Somatostatin Analogs Labeled with Gallium Radionuclides. 183... 

The tissue distribution of gallium radionuclides is affected by many factors, such as the extent of neoplasm [62], the presence of inflammatory processes [63], sex hormone status [64], age [65], lactation [66], radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatment [67,68], amount of carrier gallium administered [69,70], and administration of compounds which block plasma protein binding of gallium [62,71]. The mechanism of uptake of Ga in tumors and abscesses has not been definitely established. One proposed mechanism suggests that Ga-transferrin interacts with specific transferrin receptors on the tumor cell, where upon binding to the cell the Ga-transferrin complex... 

Ga is abetter PET imaging tracer than Ga, as it decays 90% by positron emission with an end-point positron energy of 1.90 MeV. Of these three gallium radionuclides, Ga has the shortest half-life (68.3 min). However, marketing of the available Ge/ Ga-generator may be a keystone for PET expansion. In fact, the parent radionuclide ( Ge) decays to Ga by electron capture with a half-life... 

Quinoline-5-sulfonic acid, 8-hydroxy-7-iodo-metal complexes absorptiometry, 1,549 Quinolinium salts in gravimetry, 1, 535 Quinolinol metal complexes color photography, 6,107 8-Quinolinol biological activity, 6, 771 gallium and indium complexes radiopharmacology, 6, 971 radionuclide complexes radiopharmacology, 6,994 8-Quinolyl sulfate hydrolysis metal catalysis, 6,465 Quinones... 

Radiopharmaceuticals are also formed from radionuclides of gallium(III),indium(III) and a few other polyvalent cations. The applications of these species are discussed in subsequent sections. 

Gallium(III) and indium(III) radionuclides are used widely for radiodiagnosis. As with all complexes used for such purposes, rapid and stable binding of the toxic radionuclide is essential. Molecular mechanics modeling has been used to predict the stability of gallium(III) and indium(III) complexes of bis(aminoetha-nethiol) ligands and to attempted a prediction of the coordination numbers of the complexes 5121. 

Another new diagnostic technique involves nuclear scanning with gallium-67 ( Ga) citrate, a radionuclide with a half-life of 78 hours. Gallium does not localize in normal lung tissue, but it accumulates in sites of acute and chronic inflammation hence it can be used to quantitate lung inflammation and the intensity of alveolitis (Crystal et al., 1981). 

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