Galectins regulation

The down-regulated proteins in HCC tissues have been identified. Park et al. identified aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (25) and ferritin light chain (32). Kim et al. identified HSP 27, cathepsin D, and others (26). Lim et al. identified cytochrome B5, liver car-boxyesterase, and others (27). Li et al. identified SOD 1, aldolase B, and others (28). Fujii et al. identified galectin-1 (29). Kim et al. identified argininosuccinate synthase, carbamoyl-phosphate s mthase, and others (31). Table 1 shows the summary of the proteins whose expression was different between HCC cancer tissues and non-cancerous tissues. 

Table 3 shows the proteins up-regulated or down-regulated in panereatie eaneer tissues. Shen et al. reported that, in panereatie eaneer tissues, expressions of Mn-SOD, S100A8, annexin A4, eathepsin D, 14-3-3 zeta, tropomyosin 2, aetin, ferritin light chain, alpha-enolase, galectin-1, and cyclophilin A increased, and that those of peroxiredoxin... 

Figure 3.6 Typical kinetics of regulated proteins following neurotrophin treatment of SYSY-TrkA or SYSY-TrkB. The majority of proteins like for instance galectin-1 were regulated in the late stimulation phase. Circles (control) and triangles (neurotrophin-treated) represent single standardized...

Growth factor-induced hexosamine catabolism ultimately enforces glycosylation and cell surface presentation of these previously sparsely expressed low multiplicity receptors. The association of the low-multiplicity receptors with galectins increases their presence and activity on the cell surface. Subsequently, their autocrine, negative feedback regulation ceases forward signalling and would ensure check and balance of cellular proliferation under physiological conditions (Fig. 4a) [20],... 

Fouillit, M., Joubert-Caron, R., Poirier, F., Bourin, P., Monostori, E., Levi-Strauss, M., Raphael, M., Bladier, D., and Caron, M., 2000, Regulation of CD45-induced signaling by galectin-1 in Burkitt lymphoma B cells. Glycobiology 10 413-419. 

Galectin-4 provides another example of unusual subcellular distribution. It was first localized as an adherens junction component in pig oral epithelium [59]. In intestinal epithelial cells, galectin-4 appears to be enriched apically at the brush border [60], whereas in cultured colon adenocarcinoma cells it appears to be concentrated basally in a pattern clearly distinct from apical galectin-3 [61]. On the other hand, galectin-3 shifts from an apical to basolateral distribution when MDCK epithelial cells are shifted from culture on plates to three-dimensional matrices [62]. These results indicate that the subcellular distributions of different galectins can be independently regulated in response to the cellular environment. 

POISA-BEIRO L, DIOS S, AHMED H, VASTA GR, MARlfNEZ-LdPEZ A, ESTEPA A, ALONSO-GUTifiRREZ J, FIGUERAS A, NOVOA B (2009), Nodaviius infection of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) induces up-regulation of galectin-1 expression with potential anti-inflammatory activity , J Immunol, 183, 6600-11. 

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