Galectins multivalency

The deprotected lactosides were evaluated as inhibitors against lectin binding in a solid-phase inhibition assay with immobilized ASF on the surface of microtiter plate wells, mimicking cell-surface presentation, while mammalian galectins-1, -3, and -5 were in solution. Strong multivalency effects and selectivity were observed for the... 

R. M. J. Liskamp, H.-J. Gabius, and R. J. Pieters, Rigidified multivalent lactose molecules and their interactions with mammalian galectins A route to selective inhibitors, Org. Biomol. Chem., 1 (2003) 803-810. 

Targeting Galectin-1 with Self-Assembled Multivalent Pseudopolyrotaxanes... 

Even pseudopolyrotaxanes and polyrotaxanes of cyclo-dextrins threaded onto linear polymer chains have been employed to display carbohydrates and achieve dynamic multivalent glycomimetics. These beads-on-a-string have been adapted for the multivalent display of lactosides in order to bind to galectin-1. The cyclodextrins are able to spin around the axes of the polymer chains as well as move back and forth along the polymer backbones. Thus, spatial mismatches between the ligand and the receptor can be eliminated by adaptable presentation of epitopes on account of the dynamic flexibiUty of the pseudopolyrotaxane architecture. ... 

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