GABAergic neurons distribution

Angara, C., Gong, H., Stewart, D. R. et al. (2004). Activation of distributed POA GABAergic neurons during recovery sleep. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 34, 895.10. 

In the NAc core and in the olfactory tubercle, similarly to the CPu, D2 receptors are located in GABAergic neurons coexpressing enkephalin, whereas in the NAc shell D2 receptors are expressed in neurotensin-containing neurons (Le Moine et al., 1990b Diaz et al., 1994 Le Moine and Bloch, 1995 Delle Donne et al., 1996). In addition, in both the NAc and the olfactory tubercle an overall co-distribution of D2 receptor and TH immunoreactivity was found, consistent with the presence of D2 autoreceptors. In the shell portion of the NAc, D2 immunoreactivity was detected with similar frequency in terminals and dendritic spines (Delle Donne et al., 1997). 

Kosaka T, Kosaka K, Heizmann CW, Nagatsu I, Wu JY, et al. 1987d. An aspect of the organization of the GABAergic system in the rat main olfactory bulb Laminar distribution of immunohistochemically defined subpopulations of GABAergic neurons. Brain Res 411 373-378. 

In the following sections, I will first review the distribution of glutaminase in the brain, then describe glutamate synthesis and metabolism in glial cells, and finally discuss the role of glutamate and AAT in GABAergic neurons. 

Mugnaini E, Oertel WH (1985) An atlas of the distribution of GABAergic neurons and terminals in the rat CNS as revealed by GAD-immunohistochemistry. In Bjdrklund A, Hokfelt T (Eds), GABA and Neuropeptides in the CNS. Part I. Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy, Vol. 4. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Chapter 10, 541-543. 

Takayama C (1994) Altered distribution of inhibitory synaptic terminals in reeler cerebellum with special reference to malposition of GABAergic neurons. Neurosci. Res., 20, 239-250. 

Ponte G, Fiorito G, Edelman D (2010) Distribution of GABAergic neuronal populations in the nervous system of Octopus vulgaris an immunofluorescence study. Annual meeting society for neuroscience San Diego, USA, 17-21 Nov 2010... 

The first group includes the glutamatergic and GABAergic systems. These two classes of neurons are by far more prevalent and more widely distributed than any other neurotransmitter system in the human brain. The major functional implication of such widespread distribution is that the modulation of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission affects many neural systems. 

In addition to pyramidal cells, a population of smaller neurons scattered in strata oriens and radiatum of the hippocampus are found to contain dysbindin-1 in truly optimal immunohistochemical preparations. They remain uncharacterized, but their distribution suggests that they include the subset of GABAergic hippocampal interneurons expressing the calcium-binding protein calbindin mapped by Freund and Buzsaki (1996). 

The D4 receptor has a scattered distribution in mouse CPu (Mauger et al., 1998) and appears to be more abundant in the striatal patches than in the matrix of the rodent brain (Rivera et al., 2002b). The D4 receptor was found in both neuropil and cell bodies, and was mainly localized in the dendritic shaft and spines (Rivera et al., 2002b). The D4 receptor was also found in neurons of the rodent GP, where it reduces GABAergic currents (Mauger et al., 1998 Shin et al., 2003). 

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