Chemical neuroanatomy

Bjorklund A., Hokfelt T., editors. Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy. Amsterdam Elsevier, pp. 55 122. 

Steinbusch, H. W. (1984). Serotonin-immunoreactive neurons and their projections in the CNS. In Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy, ed. A. Bjorklund T. Hokfelt. 

Smith MA and Perry G (1998). What are the facts and artifacts of the pathogenensis and etiology of Alzheimer disease Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, 16, 35-41. 

Court JA, Martin-Ruiz C, Graham A and Perry E (2000). Nicotinic receptors in human brain Topography and pathology. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, 20, 281-298. 

Wessendorf, M.W. (1990) Characterization and use of multi-color fluorescence microscopic techniques. In Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy (A. Bjorklund, and T. Hokfelt eds.), Vol. 8, Chapter 1. Elsevier Press, Amsterdam. 

Bjorklund, A. and Hokfelt, T. (eds) Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy. New York Elsevier, 1984. 

Elfvin L-G, Lindh B and Hookfelt T. The chemical neuroanatomy of sympathetic ganglia. Annu Rev Neurosci 1993 16 471-507. 

E. Weihe, L.E. Eiden, Chemical neuroanatomy of the vesicular amine transporters, FASEB J. 14 (2000) 2435-2449. 

Information processing in the human brain via neuro-chemically defined neuronal systems is complex. Therefore, it remains a challenge to conceptualize psychiatric disorders and their treatment in a reductionistic framework of chemical neuroanatomy. We can nonetheless broadly state that the anatomic organization of neurotransmitter systems determines their behavioral affiliation, and that receptors modulate the electrical or biochemical properties of neurons, with direct relevance to the mechanism of action of psychotropic drugs. Future research will provide more detailed information on the subtypes of neurons and specific neurotransmitters systems that are abnormal in psychiatric disorders, and provide a more rational approach to the development of new treatment interventions. 

Day HE, Campeau S, Watson SJ, Jr., Akil H (1997) Distribution of ocia-, ocib- anspinal cord. Journal of chemical neuroanatomy 13 115-39 Dennedy MC, Houlihan DD, McMillan H, Morrison JJ (2002) (J2- and (J3-adrenoreceptor ago-nists human myometrial selectivity and effects on umbilical artery tone. Am J Obstet Gynecol... 

Brownfield MS, Yracheta J, Chu F, Lorenz D, Diaz A. Functional chemical neuroanatomy of serotonergic neurons and their targets antibody production and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for 5-HT, its precursor (5-HTP) and metabolite (5-HIAA) biosynthetic enzyme (TPH), transporter (SERT) and three receptors (5-HT2A, 5-HT5A, 5-HT7). Ann NY Acad Sci 1998 861 232-233. 

Chemical Neuroanatomy of 5-HT Receptor Subtypes in the Mammalian Brain... 

An account of the dopaminergic systems in the human forebrain is given by Hurd and Hall in this volume, and a chapter on these systems in the brain of primates has already appeared in the Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy (Lewis and Sesack, 1997). The present chapter will therefore refer mainly to rodents. Data on dopaminergic cell groups and circuits in other subprimates and in primates will be mentioned, whenever useful for comparison and discussion. Some emphasis will be given instead to the distribution of DA receptors in the primate brain as compared to the rat, in order to provide an overview of the distribution of DA receptor subtypes. 

Studies in experimental and chemical neuroanatomy underwent then, as it frequently happens in scientific research, a sudden acceleration. Retrograde axonal transport was discovered on the basis of the finding that proteins, such as the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP), are retrogradely transported from axon terminals to their parent neuronal cell bodies (Kristensson and Olsson, 1971). The modern era of neuroanatomy... 

Last but not least, altogether, these studies inspired the series of the Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy, whose first volume appeared in 1983. 

Intense investigations on the cellular and molecular chemical neuroanatomy of the NAc, as well as on its connections, neuropharmacology and electrophysiology, have identified two main sub territories, namely the shell and the core (initially identified by Herkenham et al., 1984 Zaborsky, 1985) a third subdivision, represented by the rostral pole, has also been recognized (see for review Kelly, 1999 Meredith, 1999 Zham, 1999, 2000). The organization in subregions has led to theories on a modular function of the NAc as a complex of neuronal ensembles (Pennartz et al., 1994). The shell and the core of the NAc have been demarcated also in primates, and calbindin is the most consistent marker for the shell across species (Haber, 1999). 

The findings obtained by Dahlstrom and Fuxe in 1964 indicated the existence of a monoaminergic innervation of the cerebral cortex without a thalamic relay, but this idea seems initially heretic. However, methodological improvements of catecholamine histofluorescence with the sensitive glyoxylic acid histochemistry (Lindvall and Bjorklund, 1974a,b), together with the development of new techniques in experimental and chemical neuroanatomy mentioned earlier (see Section 1.1) convinced the neuroscience community that transmitter-characterized subcortical systems can innervate the cerebral cortex directly. 

Bjorklund A, Lindvall O (1984) Dopamine-containing systems in the CNS. In Bjorklund A, Hokfelt T (Eds), Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy. Vol. 2 Classical Transmitters in the CNS, Part I, pp. 55-122. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 

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