G agents

Properties. Some physical properties of nerve agents are given in Table 2. The G-agents, miscible in both polar and nonpolar solvents, hydrolyze slowly in water at neutral or slightly acid pH and more rapidly under strong acid or alkaline conditions. The hydrolysis products are considerably less toxic than the original agent. 

GB and other G-agents react with perhydryl ions at pH 9—10 to form a perphosphonate ion, CH2P(0)(0C2H2)00 , which has a sufficiendy high redox potential to oxidize iadole or o-dianisidine to produce colored products. This reaction is thus useful as a method of detection, and less than 1 p.g of GB can be detected ia this manner (15). 

Another useful reagent for detection and estimation of G-agents is diisonitrosoacetone (16). A magenta color is produced with 1 p.g of GB at pH 8.5. Coupling agents, such as -phenylenediarnine, increase the reaction rate. 

They are generally divided into the G-agents, which in the unmodified state are volatile, and the V-agents, which tend to be more persistent. Even G-agents are capable of being thickened with various substances to increase the persistence and penetration of the intact skin. The principal nerve agents are Tabun (GA), Sarin (GB), Soman (GD), and VX. 

The relative solubility of these compounds in water and soil is of significance because it relates to their disposition. The ability of GB and GA to mix with water means that water could wash them off surfaces, that these agents can easily contaminate water sources, and that they will not penetrate skin as readily as the more fat-soluble agents VX and GD. G-agents spread rapidly on surfaces, such as skin VX spreads less rapidly, and the thickened agents very slowly. The moist surfaces in the lungs absorb all the agents very well. 

Protective mask and protective clothing. Clothing gives off G-agents for about 30 min after contact with vapor consider this fact before unmasking. Immediately remove all liquid from clothing. 

Another V-agent of interest is Vx, called "V sub x." Another designation for Vx is "V-gas." The properties of Vx are similar to those of VX. It is nearly lOx more volatile than VX, but is very persistent in comparison to the G-agents. The molecular weight of Vx is 211.2. Listed values are calculated, information on this agent is limited. The physiological action, protection, and decontaminants for Vx are the same as for VX. 

Mioduszewski, R.J., S.A. Reutter, L.L. Miller, E.J. Olajos, and S. A. Thomson. Evaluation of Airborne Exposure Limits for G-Agents Occupational and General Population Exposure Criteria, Edgewood Arsenal Report No. ERDEC-TR-489. April 1998 with Erratum Sheet dated April 17,2000. 

Characteristics Nerve agents are liquid under temperate conditions, but, when dispersed, the more volatile ones constitute both a vapor and a liquid hazard. However, the less volatile nerve agents represent primarily a liquid hazard (mainly, the G-agents are more volatile than the nerve agent VX, while sarin (GB) is the most volatile and nerve agent GF is the least volatile of the so-called G-agents. GB has an LCt-50 of 100 (vapor toxicity of mg-min/m3), an ICt-50 of 75 (vapor toxicity of mg-min/m30, and an MCt-50 of 3 (vapor toxicity of mg-min/m3). The LD-50 on skin is 1700mg. 

Automatic Continuous Air Monitoring System (ACAMS) This system can detect G agents, VX, or mustard agents at very low levels. It is an automatic gas chromatograph that first collects agent on a solid sorbent and then thermally desorbs the agents into a separation column for analysis. 

Theoretically, the ideal AED would act on the brain during seizures (and the very short-lived neurochemical correlate) (e.g. agents affecting ion channels) and protect against the long-term deleterious effects of excitatory neurotransmission (e.g. 

The main research focus is different approaches e.g. agent which prevent spermatogenesis, interfering with sperm stor-... 

GA. Chemical Warfare Agent belonging to the group of nerve gases, known as C-series. It is one of the G Agents. Its formula and brief description are given in Vol 2 of Encycl,... 

G-Agent. Any of a group of war gase , known as nerve gases. This group is called G-Series (Ref 2)... 

Another member of "G Agents, which seems to be developed in the USA is CF, which is Cyclohexylmethylphonofluoridate or Cyciohexylic-ester of methyifiuorophos-phoric Acid,... 

CA 54, 14510(1960)(Colorimetric detection of above G agents by means of a crayon consisting of di-Na diisonitrosoacetone hexahydrate 20, o-toluidine 20, urea 15, Li stearate 27,... 

Roll, D. and Tsipis, G., Agent lemon a new twist on dextromethorphan toxicity, Clin. Toxicol., 40, 655, 2002. 

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