Future Initiatives

Amorphous Silicon. Amorphous alloys made of thin films of hydrogenated siUcon (a-Si H) are an alternative to crystalline siUcon devices. Amorphous siUcon ahoy devices have demonstrated smah-area laboratory device efficiencies above 13%, but a-Si H materials exhibit an inherent dynamic effect cahed the Staebler-Wronski effect in which electron—hole recombination, via photogeneration or junction currents, creates electricahy active defects that reduce the light-to-electricity efficiency of a-Si H devices. Quasi-steady-state efficiencies are typicahy reached outdoors after a few weeks of exposure as photoinduced defect generation is balanced by thermally activated defect annihilation. Commercial single-junction devices have initial efficiencies of ca 7.5%, photoinduced losses of ca 20 rel %, and stabilized efficiencies of ca 6%. These stabilized efficiencies are approximately half those of commercial crystalline shicon PV modules. In the future, initial module efficiencies up to 12.5% and photoinduced losses of ca 10 rel % are projected, suggesting stabilized module aperture-area efficiencies above 11%. 

Standards established by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) are accepted worldwide as the highest assurance of the quality of medicines and other products used to improve the health of the public. We discuss the development of the publication and the organization, and its current and future initiatives toward promotion of worldwide health. 

Future initiatives ought to start out with a look at the inherent advantages of centrifugal microfluidic systems ... 

RODGER H D and MITCHELL s o (2005) Pancreas disease in Ireland epidemiological survey results for 2003 and 2004, in Ruane et al. (eds). Research on pancreas disease in Irish farmed salmon 2004/2005 - Current and future initiatives. Marine Environment and Health Series, 22. Marine Institute, 5-26. 

Vink E.T.H., Rabago K.R., Glassner DA., Springs B., O Connor R.P., Kolstad I, Gruber RR. The sustainability of NatureWorks polylactide polymers and Ingeo polylactide fibers an update of the future. Initiated by the 1st International Conference on Bio-based Polymers (ICBP 2003), 12-14 November 2003, Saitama, Japan,Macwmo/. Biosci. 4 (2004) 551. 

The qualifiers in that sentence are important. Much safety net practice around the world over the last 20 years has not been particularly good, and what works in one setting may not succeed in another. Fortunately, a recent explosion of innovations in safety net programs makes for many highly promising options, and there are numerous successful programs from which future initiatives can learn. 

The move toward more flexible industrial production is present worldwide as reflected by relevant initiatives around the globe. Introduced in Germany, Industrie 4.0 is a vision for a more advanced production system control architecture and engineering methodology (Bauemhansl et al. 2014). Similar initiatives for modernizing industrial production systems have been set up in many industrial countries such as the Industrial Internet Consortium in the USA or the Factory of the Future initiative in France and the UK (Ridgway et al. 2013). A modem, flexible industrial production system is characterized by capabilities such as... 

Following the success over the years in the development of tripartite guidelines to assess both pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals, it was decided in 1996 that there should also be consistency in the content and format of the application - this future initiative, to achieve a common technical document (CTD) will be an invaluable step towards achieving the ultimate goal of worldwide availability of new products. 

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