Fusion Energy Applications

Fusion Machine Country Fuel System First Wall Heat Load (MW/m2) First Wall Material Divertor or Limiter Heat Load (MW/m2) Divertor of Limiter Material 

JT-60U Japan Dunlop DMS704 Hitachi HCB-18S Ibiden ETP-10 Showa-Dcnko CC312 

JET European Community (located in England) D/D Negligible Dunlop DMS-704 Sepcarb N11 Sepcarb N) l-s(3D) 18 Dunlop DMS-704 

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This paper summarizes the recent progress in design and R D status of the SiC/SiC composites for fusion energy applications. Meanwhile, several technologically critical issues that will be solved for fusion applications, such as thermal properties, Pb-17Li compatibility, hermeticity, joining technique and protective coatings are also identified. 

T.D. Burchell, W.P. Eatherly, A C/C Composite Materials Development Program for Fusion Energy Applications, ORNL/TM12047, Appendix 2 Review of radiation damage data, 1992. 

Laser-Assisted Thermonuclear Fusion. An application with great potential importance, but which will not reach complete fmition for many years, is laser-assisted thermonuclear fusion (117) (see Fusion energy). The concept iavolves focusiag a high power laser beam onto a mixture of deuterium [7782-39-0] and tritium [10028-17-8] gases. The mixture is heated to a temperature around 10 K (10 keV) (see Deuterium AMD tritium). At this temperature the thermonuclear fusion reaction... 

Fusion energy research is also the primary avenue for the development of plasma physics as a scientific discipline. The technologies and the science of plasmas developed en route to fusion power are already important in other applications and fields of science (see PLASMA TECHNOLOGY). 

Diagnostic techniques that involve natural emissions are applicable to plasmas of all sizes and temperatures and clearly do not perturb the plasma conditions. These are especially useful for the small, high temperature plasmas employed in inertial fusion energy research, but are also finding increased use in understanding the glow discharges so widely used commercially. 

The laser scheme is modified when neodymium is placed in other host environments in that the electronic levels have slightly different energies with different stimulated emission cross sections which may vary with the polarization of the stimulating radiation. As an example, Nd in lanthanum beryllate host (Nd BeL), the major laser transition is at 1079 nm and 1070 nm for two different polarizations. YAG is the most common and versatile host for neodymium but glass has advantages for high energy applications such as fusion research. Other crystal hosts such as YAP, YLF and BeL have some unique features. 

When nature s ways are understood, applications foUow that can be used for good or bad, for peace or war. Consider the fusion of hydrogen. Einstein s relativity theory, basic physics at its best, showed how nuclear fusion could produce vast amounts of energy. Applications were soon understood. On the one hand, for example, it was understood that the fusion of hydrogen occurs in the Sun and its energy nurtures life on planet Earth. On the other... 

Potential future energy sources were discussed in Chapter 2. The Fusion Energy source was shown to possess the most desirable characteristics for the base load application. This chapter will address the nature of the fusion reaction and the equipment used for the production of energy. There are several types of reactors with promise. These will be described to provide insight into the type of reactor potentially available as the basis for future energy systems. 

C.A. Lewinsohn, R.H. Jones, T. Nozawa, M. Kotani, Y. Katoh, A. Kohyama, and M. Singh, Silicon Carbide Based Joining Materials for Fusion Energy and Other High-temperature Structural Applications, Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc., 22, 621-25 (2001). 

Porous Ceramics Novel Developments and Applications International Symposium on Silicon Carbide and Carbon-Based Materials for Fusion and Advanced Nuclear Energy Applications... 

One of the more useful predicative applications of the relatively crude Hiickel method has been to illustrate quantitatively the effect of benzenoid annelation on the resonance energies of furan and thiophene. The results are summarized in Figure 1. As expected, thiophenes are more stable than the corresponding furans and 3,4-fusion results in less stable compounds than 2,3-fusion (77CR(C)(285)42l). 

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