Mixtures fusible

Nitroguanidine intended for use in a fusible mixture with trinitrotoluene takes the form of fairly large, very regular crystals. For this purpose a colloidal substance is added to the nitroguanidine solution, which is allowed to crystallize slowly. 

Easily fusible mixtures containing picric acid as the chief component were very widely employed in Russia and France during World War I and in the period immediately afterwards. A mixture of 51.5 or 80% picric acid with 48.5 or 20% dinitronaphthalene was used in the U.S.S.R. for filling aerial bombs and manufacturing demolition charges. 

Kast [3] examined a number of readily fusible mixtures ... 

During World War II cyclonite was used by all the combatants to increase the power of composite explosives. Fusible mixtures of TNT with cyclonite were prepared, mainly with an admixture of aluminium, and mixtures of TNT with hexyl and cyclonite also with admixture of aluminium (pp. 271-272). 

Fusible mixtures with ammonium nitrate as the chief constituent were also manufactured and utilized in Germany during World War II under the name of S explosives. 

Manueli and Bernardini [17] proposed an easily fusible mixture consisting of ammonium nitrate, guanidine nitrate and nitroguanidine. According to them such mixtures may be melted at a temperature below 130°C. The explosive Albit, based on Manueli and Bernardini s patent, consisting of six parts of ammonium nitrate, two parts of guanidine nitrate and two parts of nitroguanidine, has been used in Italy. 

Le Roux [19] proposed the use of fusible mixtures of ammonium nitrate with tetramethylammonium nitrate (Vol. II, p. 466). 

As a rule fusible mixtures are prepared in metallic kettles heated with steam or water jackets and fitted with stirrers, which are emptied either by tilting or through a valve placed in the bottom of the vessel. 

Fusible mixtures, with a composition having a suitable melting point, are selected by the thermal analysis of the two- and three-component system. Thermal analysis determines either the beginning and end of solidification or the beginning and end of the melting of the mixture. 

Semi-fusible mixtures which contain 40-60% of nitro compounds tend to separate out after the nitro compound has been melted. During World War II these mix-... 

During World War II a mixture of TNT (48%) with ammonium picrate (52%) known as Picratol was employed to replace pure ammonium picrate (Explosive D) in the United States. This was a semi-fusible mixture cast into shells at a temperature above the melting point of TNT. After solidification the density of the mixture was 1.62. In accordance with the opinion prevailing in that country that ammonium picrate is an explosive with a low sensitiveness to impact, it was used for filling armour-piercing shells. 

During World War II the use of aluminium in military explosives was resumed on a wide scale. Thus sea mines and German torpedoes were loaded with a fusible mixture of hexyl and TNT supplemented by 10—25% of metallic aluminium (Trial). 

Haid in the Chemisch-Technische Reichsanstalt in Berlin suggested [67] substitute fusible mixtures of the S-type which were introduced towards the end of World War II owing to the shortage of nitro compounds. Their fcomposition is given in Table 56. 

The moulded slabs of this explosive were cast into the shell and the spaces between them was filled with a fusible mixture, e.g. KMA. 

These authors suggest the use of fusible mixtures containing ammonium nitrate (of the type described above—p. 253) from which the propellant grains are cast. The grains in the form of tubes have a high density and are suitable for rockets of small calibre. 

According to le Roux [53] tetramethylammonium nitrate has no explosive properties it did not detonate even when initiated by a strong charge of PETN. Attempts to provoke explosive decomposition by impact failed. Le Roux suggested that the compound might be used as an ingredient of explosive mixtures, for instance blended with cyclonite or incorporated in a fusible mixture with ammonium nitrate (see Vol. III). 

Reaction LXXV. Fusion of Aromatic Sulphonic Acids with Caustic Alkalis. (Z. Ch (1876), 3, 299 J. pr., [2], 17, 394 20, 300.)—This method is of technical importance as it is employed to prepare phenols and naphthols from the parent hydrocarbons. These phenols and naphthols are much used as intermediates in the dye industry. The method cannot easily be applied to determine structure, owing to rearrangement liable to occur at the elevated temperatures. Caustic potash is more convenient than soda, since it generally yields a more easily fusible mixture. 

Trinitronaphthalene is similar to dinitrobenzene as regards its explosive power. Before and during World War I it was fairly widely used, first in France and later in Germany, for filling shells, mostly in fusible mixtures with TNT. 

Guanidine nitrate is employed in formulating fusible mixtures containing ammonium nitrate and other nitrates such mixtures were extensively used during the war as substitutes for explosives, for which the raw materials were in short supply. Flowever, a highbrisance explosive such as Flexogen or another explosive must usually be added... 

Fusible explosives Mixtures of nitro compounds Mixtures with ammonium nitrate Manufacture and selection of fusible mixtures The flegmatizaiion of fusible mixtures Semi-fusible and infusible explosives Mixtures with nitrates — mainly with ammonium nitrate Mixtures with aluminium and other metak The preparation of S-iypc mixtures Mixtures with chlorates and perchlorates Mixtures with potassium and sodium chlorates Mixtures with potassium and ammonium perchlorates Plastic explosives... 

Thus to obtain the most fusible mixture of two compounds having approximately the same melting point, we should take an approxi-... 

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