Fungitoxic activity

The fungitoxic activity of ginsenosides on many of these phytopathogens and agonists have recently been completed [44, 45] and represent the most comprehensive research in this area to date. Ginsenosides were characterized as mildly... 

Singh, G. and Upadhyay, R.K. (1 991) Fungitoxic activity of cumaldehyde, main constituent of the Cuminum cyminum oil. Fitoterapia 62(1), 86. 

Manici, L.M., Lazzeri, L. and Palmieri, S. (1997) In vitro fungitoxic activity of some glucosinolates and their enzyme-derived products towards plant pathogenic fungi. /. Agric. Food Chem., 45, 2768-73. 

The 0R-8E, 2Z- and 2R-9Z, 135-derivatives of linoleic acid (20, 21) and 9R-10E- and the 10/ -8 -hydroxyderivatives of stearic acid (22, 23) have been isolated as compounds with fungitoxic activity towards Cladosporium phlei [23]. As suggested above for laetisaric acid, the possibility that the corresponding hydroperoxides are antifungal agents should be considered. 

The fungitoxic activity of various 3-functionalized 2,6-disubstituted 2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-thiazolo[2,3-c][l,2,4]triazoles (404) against Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium solani has been tested <91MI 805-02>. 

Angioni, A., A. Barra, M.T. Russo et al., 2003. Chemical composition of the essential oils of Juniperus from ripe and unripe berries and leaves and their antimicrobial activity. J. Agric. Food Chem., 51 3073-3078. Arras, G. and M. Usai, 2001. Fungitoxic activity of 12 essential oils against four postharvest citrus pathogens Chemical analysis of Thymus capitatus oil and its effect in subatmospheric pressure conditions, /. Food Prot., 64 1025-1029. 

Dikshit, A., A.K. Singh, and S.N. Dixit, 1982. Effect of pH on fungitoxic activity of some essential oils. Bokin... 

Thompson, D. P., 1989. Fungitoxic activity of essential oil components on food storage fungi. M colo j, 81 151-153. 

Arras, G. and M. Usai, 2001. Fungitoxic activity of 12 essential oils against four postharvest citrus pathogens Chemical analysis of Thymus capitatus oil and its effect in subatmospheric pressure conditions, J. Food Prvt., 64 1025-1029. 

In the family of the Gramineae, which includes some of man s most important crops, active lignification seems to be of special importance for induced resistance mechanisms (19,20). This may be correlated with the nearly complete absence of phytoalexins in this family (21). In spite of an intensive search for such infection-induced fungitoxic substances, no phytoalexins have been found in wheat to date (22). Nevertheless, induced lignification has been shown to play an important role in disease resistance of wheat against a variety of fungal pathogens (4) ... 

The diverse biological activity (allergenic, antitumour, fungitoxic, phytotoxic, cytotoxic, etc.) of germacranolides (226a and b) and other sesquiterpenoids containing cx/S-unsaturated y-butyrolactone units has been reviewed. During the period of... 

There are further generalizations that should be stressed. The first of these also relates systemic activity to specificity of biochemical mechanism. An effective fungitoxic systemic must not react and be detoxified or interfere with plant enzymes. 

Aliette (aluminum tris-0 ethylphosphonate) has been reported to enhance defense reactions and phytoalexin accumulation in grapes and tomatoes in response to infection by Plasmopara viticola and Phytophthora spp., respectively, and to trigger phenolic accumulation and hypersensitive cell death in tomatoes, peppers, and beans in response to infection while possessing little direct fungitoxicity (116,117). However, recent data cast doubt on the earlier reports of the low activity of Aliette as an inhibitor of Phytophthora sporulation mi vitro (118), and have attributed the protective properties of the compound to phosphorous acid which is formed in plant tissues or in certain buffer solutions of Aliette (119,120). Toxicity of phosphorous acid to Oomycetes is reversible by phosphate ion, and this may explain Aliette s lack of fungitoxicity in certain growth media. 

Metalaxyl is clearly fungicidal i n vitro to a variety of phycomycetous fungi. Its activity in vivo may also be enhanced by stimulation of host plant defenses including hypersensitive cell death (104), accumulation of phytoalexins such as glyceollin (121), and cal lose encasement of hyphae (122) after fungal infection of metalaxy1-treated soybeans. However, the mi vivo concentration of the compound in cell sap may be sufficient for fungitoxicity alone to account for its protective activity (123). 

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