Fungicides structures

Mathre, D.E. (1971) Mode of action of oxathiin systemic fungicides. Structure-activity relations. J. Agric. Food Chem. 19(5), 872-874. McCall, P.J., Swann, R.L., Laskowski, D.A., Unger, S.M., Vrona, S.A., Dishburger, H.J. (1980) Estimation of chemical mobility in soil from liquid chromatographic retention times. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 24, 190-195. 

Other uses for the arylborates are UV cationic cure [108,109], biological activity as fungicides (structure 3) [110], and marine antifoulants for nylon fishing nets (structure 4) [111]. In the UV cationic cure, the counteranion forms, after photolysis, a superacid intermediate that catalyzes an epoxide or vinyl ether polymerization. 

The majority of fungicidal structures published for material-protection in the last years belong to the group of multiside-inhibitors. Most of them are electrophilically active agents. 

On the other hand, the thiazole is also found in the structures of numerous pesticides, fungicides, herbicides, and nematocides. Association of thiazoles with other heterocycUc compounds has been widely used in this field. 

Copper(II), di-/Lt-bromobis[bromo(pyridine)-structure, 2, 108 Copper 8-hydroxyquinolinate biocidal activity mechanism, 1, 401 fungicide, 1, 399 Copper nitrotetrazole as propellants, 5, 837 Copper phthalocyanine, 1, 333-334 colour and constitution, 1, 345 Coproporphyrin, 4, 382 Coproporphyrin, dehydro-, 4, 382... 

The esters of thiosulfinic acid R -SO,-S-R are used as fungicides and antibacterial prepai ations. These compounds have similar stiaicture fragments to allicin - natural insecticide from garlic with following structure (CH =CH-CH ),[SO-S] (http //www.ALLICIN.com). For deter-mination of ethyl S-ester of 4-aminobenzenthiosulfinic acid (esulan) in the ointment RP-HPLC was proposed [1] with acetonitrile water=30 70 as eluent. For seai ching bioactive compounds the synthesis of new esters of thiosulfinic acid is perspective that was confirmed by results of recent studies as instance [2]. Therefore requirements ai e existed for investigation HPLC sepai ations of these substances. 

Pesticides include the broad categories of insecticides, fungicides, rodenticides, and herbicides. Insecticides in common use fall into three categories. The chloroinsec-ticides have chlorine in their structure. They are less soluble than the other insecticide forms and much less biodegradable (i.e., more persistent). While they are less acutely toxic, several have been identified as potential carcinogens. Carbamatea are a relatively new form of pesticide. They are less persistent and less... 

Daikon and wasabi phytoalexins are weak fungicidal alkaloids having a stabilized 1-methoxyindole structure. Relying on the expectation that more potent substances can be found among their derivatives, synthetic studies are in progress according to the method developed in Scheme 22 in Section IV.G. 

Therapeutic Function Fungicide Chetnicel Name Nonanoicacid Common Name -Structural Formula CH3(CH2)7COOH Chemical Abstracts Registry No. 112-05-0... 

Figure 5,39 Structures of various fungicides used in the control of post-harvest decay in citrus fruits. Reprinted from J. Chrormtogr., A, 912, Fernandez, M., Rodriguez, R., Pico, Y. and Manes, J., Liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of post-harvest fungicides in citrus fruits , 301-310, Copyright (2001), with permission from Elsevier Science.

The need to develop and use chiral chromatographic techniques to resolve racemates in pesticide residues will be driven by new hazard and risk assessments undertaken using data from differential metabolism studies. The molecular structures of many pesticides incorporate chiral centers and, in some cases, the activity differs between enantiomers. Consequently, in recent years manufacturers have introduced resolved enantiomers to provide pesticides of higher activity per unit mass applied. For example, the fungicide metalaxyl is a racemic mix of R- and 5-enantiomers, both having the same mode of action but differing considerably in effectiveness. The -enantiomer is the most effective and is marketed as a separate product metalaxyl-M. In future, it will not be satisfactory to rely on hazard/risk assessments based on data from metabolism studies of racemic mixes. The metabolism studies will need to be undertaken on one, or more, of the resolved enantiomers. 

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