Fungicides fungi

Mechanism of Action An antifungal agent that inhibits ergosterol synthesis. Therapeutic Effect Destroys cytoplasmic membrane integrity of fungi. Fungicidal. Pharmacokinetics Low systemic absorption. Absorbed and distributed in each layer... 

Pesticides include many types of chemicals that are spread around in the environment to kill some specific sort of pest, usually insects (insecticides), weeds (herbicides), or fungi (fungicides).2 The total worldwide use of pesticides is now about a million tonnes per year. Historically, insecticides have gone through several generations, which we will categorize as follows ... 

The term pesticide includes chemicals used to eradicate rodents (rodenticides), fungi (fungicides), weeds (herbicides) and insects (insecticides). These agrochemicals may be used directly on the medicinal plant crop itself, they may be used on crops growing adjacent to the herbs or they may occur as general environmental pollutants in soil, air or water. The presence of insecticide residues is of particular concern because those of the organochlorine type (DDT etc.) have been shown to cause cancers in animals and those of the organophosphate and carbamate types are potent cholinesterase inhibitors. 

Broadly speaking, pesticides include many different chemical structures and are used to control pest plants and animals. They are generally classi-hed according to their target as follows insects (insecticides), nematodes (nematicides), mollusks (molluscicides), weeds (herbicides), bacteria (bactericides), fungi (fungicides), and so on. 

Candida oleophila Fungus that inhibits infestation of plants by other fungi (fungicide)... 

Microorganisms such as bacteria, microscopic fungi and similar species can have mechanical, chemical and biological effects. Adverse effects of these kinds are referred to as biodegradation processes. Chemical compositions which provide protection from biodegradation processes are known as biocides or, in the case of fungi, fungicides. 

Keywords Biocide, bacteria, fungi, fungicide, microorganism, wood, cellulose, biomass, kinetics, toxicity, cultivation medium, Aspergillus niger, biodegradation. 

Syn. Crop protecting agents G. Pflanzenschutzmittel E pesticides P. are chemicals that are used to protect plants/ crops from rodents (rodenticide), molluscs (mol-luscicide), insects (- insecticide), fungi (fungicide), bacteria (bactericide), viruses (virucide) or weeds (herbicide). 

A number of isoquinoline derivatives have fungicidal properties, eg, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoiines bearing acyl nitrogen substituents like (36) [41910-26-3] (189). Substituted isoquinolines (37) have proved to be effective in controlling undesired vegetation, insects, acarina, and fungi (190). 

Herbicides. An array of herbicides are registered for use in aquatic sites, but copper sulfate and diquat dibromide are of additional interest because they also have therapeutic properties (9,10). Copper sulfate has been used to control bacteria, fungi, and certain parasites, including Jchthjophthirius (ich). Diquat dibromide can control columnaris disease, but it also exhibits fungicidal properties (9,10). EPA recentiy proposed to limit the amount of diquat dibromide, endothaH, glyphosate, and simazine that can be present in drinking water therefore, the use of these compounds may be reduced if they cannot be removed from the effluent. 

Foliar Fungicides and Bactericides. Of the - 70,000 t/yr as copper in compounds used in agriculture, almost 75% is used in the control of fungi (see Fungicides, agricultural). The first reference to the use of copper as a fungicide dates to 1761 (83) where copper sulfate was used on wheat seed for the control of bunt. In 1807 (84) the discovery of copper as a fungicide was made and the discovery of Bourdeaux mixture (copper sulfate plus lime) followed in 1882. 

Other materials based on EDA have also been suggested as fungicides. The most important of the imida2oline type (162) is 2-heptadecyl-2-imida2oline (163), prepared from EDA and stearic acid [57-11-4]. It is used as the acetate salt for control of apple scab and cherry leaf spot. A 2 1 EDA—copper sulfate complex has been suggested for control of aquatic fungi (164). 

Bactericide, fungicide, virucide,proto acide, andalgicide are chemical agents that kill either bacteria, fungi (including yeasts), vimses, protozoa, or algae. They may... 

A number of compounds of invention (95EUP658547) include derivatives 116 which have excellent fungicidal activity. They exert excellent preventive effects on various phytopathogenic fungi, which makes them useful as an agricultural/ horticultural fungicides. 

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