Postembryonic development

Sexual dimorphism of antenna sensillum types does not become morphologically apparent before the adult stage. Antennal segments increase in length approximately three-fold during postembryonic development in both males and females (Schafer and Sanchez, 1976). In the female, the sensillar population increases 7.5-fold, whereas adult males have 12 times more sensilla than first instars the difference results from a significant proliferation of olfactory sensilla in males. 

Prillinger, F. (1981). Postembryonic development of the antennal lobes in Periplaneta americana F. Cell and Tissue Research 215 563-575. 

Schaller, D. (1978). Antennal sensory system of Periplaneta americana L. Distribution and frequency of morphologic types of sensilla and their sex-specific changes during postembryonic development. Cell and Tissue Research 191 121-139. 

At the outset, it appeared that proteinaceous products dispatched by a special class of neurosecretory neurons, such as those of the pars intercerebral is of insects, function exclusively in a neurohormonal capacity. Following the classical discovery by Kopec (1922) of a brain hormone controlling insect metamorphosis much information has been gained on a number of essential neurohormonal functions carried out by neuropeptides in the control of postembryonic development as well as reproductive, metabolic, muscular, and additional activities. 

Sulston JE, Albertson DG, Thomson JN. 1980. The Caenorhabditis elegans male postembryonic development of nongo-nadal structures. Dev. Biol. 78 542-76... 

Effects of brassinosteroids on moulting of the cockroach, Peri-planets americana. Cockroaches present a well established model for the study of postembryonic development of hemimetabolous insects. These insects are particularly suitable in feeding experiments... 

During postembryonic development, the mechanical properties of cuticle are altered to accommodate changing functional demands A classic example of this phenomenon is dipteran pupariation, in which... 

Pasternak, J. and Samoiloff, M. R. (1970) The effect of growth inhibitors on postembryonic development in the free-living nematode, Pangrellus silusiae. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 33 27-38. 

Sandeman RE, Sandeman DC (1996) Pre-and postembryonic development, growth and turnover of olfactory receptor neurons in crayfish antennules. J Exp Biol 199 2409-2418... 

The circulation time of mammal blood, and of tree sap, and the cycle time of respiratory, cardiac, gestation, postembryonic development, life span... 

Bodenstein, D. (1950), The postembryonic development of DrosophiUiy in Biology of Drosophila (M. Demerec, ed.) John Wiley Sons Inc., New York. 

Similar events take place in postembryonic development during both endochondral longitudinal bone growth at the epiphysis and unstable fracture healing Cartilage is replaced by bone forming cells (Anderson, 1974). 

Metamorphosis of the plasma protein of the chicken throughout the phases of embryogenesis and postembryonic development has been investigated very thoroughly (Weller and Schechtman, 1962). 

Basically similar changes in the isozyme pattern of lactate dehydrogenases during embryonic and postembryonic development have been obtained in many other studies of organs from rabbits (Dawson et al., 1964), rats (Fine et al., 1963), chickens (Cahn, 1964 Lindsay, 1963), sheep and cattle (Hinks and Masters, 1964), and many other animals and also man. 

Awad T.A. and Truman J.W. 1997. Postembryonic development of the midline glia in the CNS of Drosophila Prohferation, programmed cell death, and endocrine regulation. Dev. Biol. 187 283-297. 

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