Chloride function

The resins are hardened by acidic conditions. Phosphoric acid, or more commonly ammonium chloride, an acid donor, is employed. The ammonium chloride functions by reaction with formaldehyde to give hydrochloric acid. Hexamine is also formed during this reaction. 

The imidoyl chloride functionality of 44 enabled synthesis of a novel 5-HT ligand 46 with a pseudo-amidine structure via palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling (Equation 4) <1999TL8109>. 

Cetylpyridinium bromide, physical properties of, 4 350t Cetylpyridinium chloride, function as ingredient in cosmetics, 7 829t Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surface area, of silica, 22 371, 386. 

Afterwards, a bulk monolith was prepared in situ by copolymerization of vinylbenzyl chloride and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate. The benzyl chloride functionalities were then hydrolyzed to benzyl alcohol groups and the monolith used in separating a peptide test mixture. 

This triiodinated synthon has an amino functional group (A) that is potentially reactive with the chloride functional groups of the acid (B). The amino functional group is protected in the form of a phthalimido group. 

Recently, novel sulfonyl chloride functionalized ionic hquids (287, 288, 289 and 290) were used as solvent and catalyst in Beckmann rearrangements . The use of these... 

To explain the difficulties encountered in the reuse of sulfonyl chloride functionalized ionic liquids during Beckmann rearrangement, Deng and colleagues proposed a mechanism for rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime (equation 97). 

Aluminum Chloride Processing A refining method using aluminum chloride as a catalyst to improve the appearance and odor of steam cracked naphtha streams. Aluminum chloride functions as a catalyst for the polymerization of olefins into higher-molecular-weight, less-problematic compounds. 

The fusion of rings on to side d has usually been achieved via adaptations of known reactions of the imine, nitrone or imino chloride functions. Some examples are given for the l,4-benzodiazepin-2-one (202). 

A particularly large a effect of about 33 ppm characterizes the carboxylic acid chloride function [317], while the fi and y effects are similar to those of other carboxylic acid derivatives. 

Improvements and new findings in making dihalocyclopropanes under PTC conditions have been reported. The addition of pinacol as a co-catalyst has a beneficial effect on the yields of dibromo- and dichlorocarbene adducts155. Triphenylsulfonium chloride functions as an efficient PT catalyst (equation 89)156. The selectivities of PT-catalytically generated... 

A proton donor can be classified as an electrophile and a proton acceptor as a nucleophile. For example, hydrogen chloride can transfer a proton to ethene to form the ethyl cation. Therefore hydrogen chloride functions as the electrophile, or acid, and ethene functions as the nucleophile, or base ... 

For reasons which have already been described (Sect. 3.2.1) the synthesis of azo functions onto preformed polymers generally give poor results and are thus not common in the literature 22 -27). However, in a few cases it has proved possible to successfully introduce azo functions in this way. For example polymers having alcohol side groups have been esterified with azo compounds also containing an acid chloride function and the products used for grafting reactions 26) ... 

Fig. 4.47) of up to the fourth generation with terminal chloride functions [90], These could be transformed into the corresponding terminal functional groups, for example by reaction with p-phenylphenol, p-bromophenol, lithium phenyl-acetylide, or allylmagnesium bromide. 

Step a Cul and /-BuMgCl generate an in situ organocopper reagent which adds only once to the acyl chloride functionalities. 

Anhydrous aluminium chloride functions as a catalyst effectively when present to the extent of 30 percent of the mass of benzene. 

Acyl chloride-functionalized SWCNTs are also susceptible to reactions with other nucleophiles, e.g. alcohols. Haddorfs group reported the preparation of soluble ester-functionalized carbon nanotubes SWCNT-COO(CH2)17CH3 (Fig. 1.6a) obtained by esterification with octadecanol [134]. The syntheses of soluble polymer-bound and dendritic ester-functionalized SWCNTs have been reported by Riggs et al. by attaching poly(vinyl acetate-co-vinyl alcohol) (Fig. 1.6b) [135] and hydrophilic and lipophilic dendron-type benzyl alcohols [119], respectively, to SWCNT-COC1 (Fig. 1.6c). These functional groups could be removed under basic and acidic hydrolysis conditions and thus additional evidence for the nature of the attachment was provided [119, 136]. 

Polymer-linked MWCNT nanocomposites were prepared by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT). The RAFT reagent was successfully grafted on to the surface of MWCNTs and PS chains were grafted from MWCNTs via RAFT polymerization [192], By covalently linking acyl chloride functions of functionalized MWCNTs with living polystyryllithium, Huang et al. succeeded in the preparation of polystyrene-functionalized MWCNTs (Scheme 1.32) [193],... 

In 2001, Chen and coworkers prepared another interesting series of tetra-phenylmethane-based tetrahedral compounds. The initial step of the synthetic scheme involves the preparation of the tetrazole derivative 8 from the corresponding tetranitrile and its subsequent condensation with various benzoyl chlorides to give the cruciforms 9-11 depicted in Scheme 3.6. A modified procedure was developed to obtain the bipolar tetramers 16 and 17, as shown in Scheme 3.7. The acyl chloride functional group was this time attached to the tetrahedral core unit and the tetrazole function was attached to the triphenylamine component. Once again DSC measurements illustrated the effectiveness of this architecture in inducing a stable glassy state in these cruciform materials. 

Frechet and coworkers recently described how living free radical polymerization can be used to make dendrigrafts. Either 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine oxide (TEMPO) modified polymerization or atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) can be used [96] (see Scheme 10). The method requires two alternating steps. In each polymerization step a copolymer is formed that contains some benzyl chloride functionality introduced by copolymerization with a small amount of p-(4-chloromethylbenzyloxymethyl) styrene. This unit is transformed into a TEMPO derivative. The TEMPO derivative initiates the polymerization of the next generation monomer or comonomer mixture. Alternatively, the chloromethyl groups on the polymer initiate an ATRP polymerization in the presence of CulCl or CuICl-4,4T dipyridyl complex. This was shown to be the case for styrene and n-butylmethacrylate. SEC shows clearly the increase in molecu-... 

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