Functionalized polyesters applications

Amongst the first studies presenting the use of dendritic polymers for thermoset applications was the work of Hult et al. [62]. They modified hyperbranched hydroxy functional polyesters with various ratios of maleate-allyl ether/alkyl ester end groups. Dependent on this ratio, resins with different vis-... 

A second key factor in the lipase-catalyzed ROP of CL is the ability to controi the nature of the endgroups. This has important consequences in preparation of a, (o-functionalized polyesters, which are currently being explored in a variety of applications [111,112]. A systematic study by Heise and coworkers on the initiating efficiency of different initiators (1-3 in Fig. 5) in the CALB-catalyzed ROP of CL showed that three polymeric products were formed cyclic species, water-initiated... 

Glycidyl Esters. Glycidyl ester resins were originally developed for electrical applications. Glycidyl esters of phthalic acid, hexahydro phthalic acid, terephthalic acid or trimellitic acid (e.g. Araldite PY 284, PT 910) cured with carboxy functional polyesters or polyacrylates at elevated temperatures give coating with both excellent colour stability and outdoor resistance. 

Seyednejad, H., Gawlitta, D., Dhert, W.J.A., Van Nostrum, C.F., Vermonden, T., Hennink, W.E., 2011. Preparation and characterization of a three-dimensional printed scaffold based on a functionalized polyester for bone tissue engineering applications. Acta... 

FUNCTIONAL POLYESTERS AND POLYAMIDES FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS... 

Functional polyesters are of interest for a variety of industrial and biomedical applications, as such functional groups may be utilized for the preparation of comb, graft and network polymers. Alcohols have been used to initiate the ROP of lactones to introduce the alcohol moiety at the polymer terminal, co-Unsaturated macromonomers were synthesized by using 5-hexen-l-ol or 5-hexyn-l-ol as the initiator for DDL using lipase CA as catalyst [74]. In the polymerization of DDL, employing 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate as initiator, the methacryloyl group was quantitatively introduced at the polymer terminal to produce the methacryloyl-type macromonomer (Scheme 11.10). 

Composite Particles, Inc. reported the use of surface-modified rubber particles in formulations of thermoset systems, such as polyurethanes, polysulfides, and epoxies [95], The surface of the mbber was oxidized by a proprietary gas atmosphere, which leads to the formation of polar functional groups like —COOH and —OH, which in turn enhanced the dispersibility and bonding characteristics of mbber particles to other polar polymers. A composite containing 15% treated mbber particles per 85% polyurethane has physical properties similar to those of the pure polyurethane. Inclusion of surface-modified waste mbber in polyurethane matrix increases the coefficient of friction. This finds application in polyurethane tires and shoe soles. The treated mbber particles enhance the flexibility and impact resistance of polyester-based constmction materials [95]. Inclusion of treated waste mbber along with carboxyl terminated nitrile mbber (CTBN) in epoxy formulations increases the fracture toughness of the epoxy resins [96]. 

Consist of a range of chemicals which promote cross-linking can initiate cure by catalysing ( catalysts , hardeners, initiators), speed up and control cure (activators, promoters) or perform the opposite function (inhibitors) producing thermosetting compounds and specialised thermoplastics (e.g. peroxides in polyesters, or amines in epoxy formulations). The right choice of a cure system is dependent on process, process temperature, application and type of resin. 

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