Functional materials, alignment

The aligned-DNA, transparent, self-standing, and flexible film is of interest as a new naturally-occurring functional material, as well as an anisotropic conductive film. For example, the DNA-lipid film is effective as an adsorption filter of carcinogens such as acridine orange and ethidium bromide. The aligned-DNA film also shows polarization of light. 

Ubukata T, Hara M, Ichimura K, Seki T. 2004. Phototactic transport motions of polymer film for micropatterning and alignment of functional materials. Adv Mater 16 220 224. 

Wang, D. W., H. T. Fang, F. Li et al. 2008. Aligned titania nanotubes as an intercalation anode material for hybrid electrochemical energy storage. Advanced Functional Materials 18 3787-3793. 

Baker, S., et al. (2006). Functionalized Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanofibers as Scaffolds for Immobilization and Electrochemical Detection of Redox-Active Proteins. Chemistry of Materials. 18, 4415 422. 

Bioelectronics is another apphcation area, in which rotaxanes, particularly redox-active rotaxanes, could make a significant impact Enzyme electrodes are altered in these apphcations by direct electron transfer between the electrode surface and the redox enzyme. Electronic communication between the surface and the redox enzyme centers is hindered, because a separation exists. This impediment can be circumvented by aligning the enzyme with the electrode and utilizing the redox relay units as go-betweens. The aforementioned concept has been exploited to associate an apoprotein, apo-gjucose oxidase (apo-GOx), onto relay-functionalized materials including flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) monolayers, nanoparticles, and carbon nanotubes [85-88]. Katz etal. used reversible redox-active rotaxane shuttles in the bioelectrocatalyzed oxidation of glucose [80]. 

Lee, K.Y., Kim, D., Lee, J.H., Kim, T.Y., Gupta, M.K., Kim, S.W., 2014b. Undirectional high-power generation via stress-induced dipole alignment from ZnSn03 nanocubes/Polymer hybrid piezoelectric nanogenerator. Advanced Functional Materials 24, 37—43. 

Galculate the upper and lower values for the modulus of the composite material, and plot them, together with the data, as a function of Vf. Which set of values most nearly describes the results Why How does the modulus of a random chopped-fibre composite differ from those of an aligned continuous-fibre composite ... 

Optical and electro-optical behavior of side-chain liquid crystalline polymers are described 350-351>. The effect of flexible siloxane spacers on the phase properties and electric field effects were determined. Rheological properties of siloxane containing liquid crystalline side-chain polymers were studied as a function of shear rate and temperature 352). The effect of cooling rate on the alignment of a siloxane based side-chain liquid crystalline copolymer was investigated 353). It was shown that the dielectric relaxation behavior of the polymers varied in a systematic manner with the rate at which the material was cooled from its isotropic phase. 

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