Functional groups in organic

Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain a carbon-carbon double bond. A carbon-carbon double bond is both an important structural unit and an important functional group in organic chemistry. The shape of an organic molecule is influenced by the presence of this bond, and the double bond is the site of most of the chemical reactions that alkenes undergo. Some representative alkenes include isobutylene (an industrial chemical), a-pinene (a fragrant liquid obtained from pine trees), and famesene (a naturally occuning alkene with three double bonds). 

Interactive to learn how to recognize functional groups in organic molecules. 

The next most useful is vibrational spectroscopy but identification of large molecules is still uncertain. In the laboratory, vibrational spectroscopy in the infrared (IR) is used routinely to identify the functional groups in organic molecules but although this is important information it is not sufficient to identify the molecule. Even in the fingerprint region where the low wavenumber floppy vibrational modes of big molecules are observed, this is hardly diagnostic of structure. On occasion, however, when the vibrational transition can be resolved rotationally then the analysis of the spectrum becomes more certain. 

The series The Chemistry of Functional Groups was originally planned to cover in each volume all aspects of the chemistry of one of the important functional groups in organic chemistry. The emphasis is laid on the preparation, properties and reactions of the functional group treated and on the effects which it exerts both in the immediate vicinity of the group in question and in the whole molecule. 

The final part is devoted to a survey of molecular properties of special interest to the medicinal chemist. The Theory of Atoms in Molecules by R. F.W. Bader et al., presented in Chapter 7, enables the quantitative use of chemical concepts, for example those of the functional group in organic chemistry or molecular similarity in medicinal chemistry, for prediction and understanding of chemical processes. This contribution also discusses possible applications of the theory to QSAR. Another important property that can be derived by use of QC calculations is the molecular electrostatic potential. J.S. Murray and P. Politzer describe the use of this property for description of noncovalent interactions between ligand and receptor, and the design of new compounds with specific features (Chapter 8). In Chapter 9, H.D. and M. Holtje describe the use of QC methods to parameterize force-field parameters, and applications to a pharmacophore search of enzyme inhibitors. The authors also show the use of QC methods for investigation of charge-transfer complexes. 

TABLE 2.1. Classical functional groups in organic chemistry... 

Molecular representations and functional groups in organic compounds, (a) Different ways to represent the structures of aliphatic and aromatic compounds, (b) Some important functional groups attached to organic skeletons, and the corresponding names of organic compounds. 

However, influence on functional groups in organic compounds by a silicon atom is also possible without (p- -d), interaction. In examples (CH3)3E1CH2C00H and (CH3)3E1CH2NH2 (El = C, Si) the silicon compound is the weaker acid and the stronger base. These effects are explained by a a-electron release for the silicon compounds, caused by the lower electronegativity of silicon. 

The alcohol functional group is a very important functional group in organic chemistry. Not only do many important compounds and pharmaceuticals contain the alcohol group, but the alcohol group can be prepared from many other... 

Systemization and analysis of literature data bearing on the quantitative estimation of inductive interaction of functional groups in organic and organometallic compounds... 

One of the major uses of double-bonded functional groups in organic synthesis is the preparation of heterocyclic compounds. These compounds are either target molecules of a particular synthetic sequence, or are key intermediates in organic synthesis. This section covers the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds by carbon-heteroatom bond formation or by C—C bond formation. Epoxidation of alkenes is not covered here, but in Section II.A. Subdivision, for ease of reading, is by ring size, for the most part. 

Infantes, L., Chisholm, J., Motherwell, S., Extended motifs from water and chemical functional groups in organic molecular crystals. Crystengcomm 2003, 5, 480-486. 

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