Fumigants toxicity tests

This method is suitable for stored-product pests. The evaluation of toxic vapor is a somewhat similar operation. The insecticide is introduced into a sealed container along with the insects and mortality is recorded at different intervals. Various fumigation techniques were described by Busvine (1971), including (1) small-scale techniques for measuring the susceptibility of exposed insects and (2) semipractical tests using large fumigation chambers. 

Phosgene has been tested as a rabbit fumigant [768] and was found to be very toxic, not only because of its direct effects, but also because it induces secondary infection. 

For each herbal drug preparation, a comprehensive specification must be submitted. This must be established on the basis of recent scientific data and must give particulars of the characteristics, identification tests, and purity tests. This has to be done, for example, by the appropriate chromatographic methods. If deemed necessary by the results of the analysis of the starting material, tests on microbiological quality, residues of pesticides, fumigation agents, solvents, and toxic metals have to be carried out. Radioactivity should be tested if there are reasons for concerns. Quantitative determination (assay) of markers or of substances with known therapeutic activity is required. The content must be indicated with the lowest possible tolerance. The test methods must be described in detail. 

DD is a highly toxic mixture of 1,3-dichloropropene, 1,2-dichloropropane, epichlorhydrin, and related compounds, and is a cutaneous irritant. It is used as a soil fumigant. Nater and Gooskens obtained positive patch tests to 1% DD in acetone [56]. They concluded that occasionally DD could provoke allergic contact dermatitis. 

Essential oil species Family of plant Main components (%) Acute toxicity by fumigation LC50 (mg dm air) (NK test) Inhibition of reproduction (emergence) by fumigation s (NK test) Inhibition of larval development into artificial seeds (NK test)... 

Newman-Keuls test classified with the same letter (a, b, c, d, e, f) signifies no difference at the 0.05 level Nonsignificant toxicity (fumigation), NS no difference from control Data from [16]... 

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