Hazard control fumes

The first of these may be viewed as a sort of half-way house where toxic by-products may still be formed but where their emissions are controlled. For example, changes in the type of accelerator will modify the type of amine produced. Thus if the concern is with a fume hazard, a less volatile amine might be generated (e.g. dibutylamine instead of... 

Physical hazards from mechanical equipment must also be locked out to ensure worker safety. Valve pits or manholes that may be flooded with water or other fluids must also be rendered safe prior to entry. If work is performed on an elevated storage tank, additional fall-protection procedures need to be followed. When workers are exposed to air contaminants such as sandblasting materials, welding fumes, or paint solvents, additional air monitoring and explosive hazards controls need to be taken. 

Training for all staff, covering both normal operation and emergency situations, is essential. The combination of measures used will depend upon the degree of hazard, and the scale and nature of the processes. For example, dust and fume control measures in the rubber industry are summarized in Table 5.19. 

When primary fume capture is performed by the enclosure, furnace off-gas combustion efficiency is lower than experienced by furnace direct evacuation control. The off-gas, rich in carbon monoxide (CO), rises from furnace roof openings and partially burns and cools with enclosure air. Significant levels of CO have resulted in the enclosures and exhaust ducting from this type of combination. These levels are not explosive but present a potential hazard to personnel working in the enclosure or in downstream fume cleaning equipment. 

Dusts and fumes have been a part of industrial life for many years and the hazards associated with them are well known. The diseases and respiratory disorders found in foundries, potteries and cotton works are examples that are familiar to many. These need not occur with a better understanding of control measures and more efficient equipment. 

Careful attention to such detail is necessary as a second line of defence against the effects of reactive hazards. The level of protection considered necessary may range from the essential and absolute minimum of effective eye protection, via the safety screen, fume cupboard or enclosed reactor, up to the ultimate of a remotely controlled and blast-resistant isolation cell (usually for high-pressure operations). In the absence of facilities appropriate to the assessed level of hazard, operations must be deferred until such facilities are available. 

Are there any alternative chemicals which can be used to eliminate hazards (e.g., the use of lithium metaborate fusion rather than hydrofluoric acid as a dissolution procedure) The protocol should include details of any required checks on the control measures to be adopted, and their frequency (e.g., cleaning of protective clothing, washing down of fume cupboards). 

The reaction between urea and fuming sulfuric acid is rapid and exothermic. It may proceed with violent boiling unless the reaction temperature is controlled. The reactants are strongly acidic. Therefore, operators should wear suitable protective gear to guard against chemical hazard. Special stainless steel, rubber lining, fiber-reinforced plastics, and polyvinyl chloride and carbon equipment are used. 

Control Room. The control room location can be critical to the efficient operation of a facility. One prime concern is to locate it the maximum distance from the most hazardous units. These units are usually the units where LPG or other flammables, eg, hydrocarbons that are heavier than air, can be released and accumulate at grade level. Deadly explosions can occur if a pump seal on a light-ends system fails and the heavier-than-air hydrocarbons collect and are ignited by a flammable source. Also, the sulfur recovery unit area should be kept at a healthy distance away as an upset can cause deadly fumes to accumulate. 

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