Fuel pump, proposed

Alternatives to fossil fuels, such as hydrogen, are explored in Box 6.2 and Section 14.3. Coal, which is mostly carbon, can be converted into fuels with a lower proportion of carbon. Its conversion into methane, CH4, for instance, would reduce C02 emissions per unit of energy. We can also work with nature by accelerating the uptake of carbon by the natural processes of the carbon cycle. For example, one proposed solution is to pump C02 exhaust deep into the ocean, where it would dissolve to form carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions. Carbon dioxide can also be removed from power plant exhaust gases by passing the exhaust through an aqueous slurry of calcium silicate to produce harmless solid products ... 

The pour point test is still included in many specifications but not in some (ASTM D-396, BS 2869) for assessing the pumpability characteristics of residual fuel oil (ASTM D-3245). Pour point procedures involving various preheat treatments before the pour point determination and the use of viscosity at low temperatures have been proposed. The fluidity test (ASTM D-1659) is one such procedure as is the pumping temperature test (ASTM D-3829) another test, based on viscosity measurements (IP 230), is also available. 

Moreover, there is a current need of miniaturized propulsion system for widening the capabilities of low cost micro-satellites. Recently, the development of a turbo-pump fed miniature rocket engine has been proposed as a new propulsion system for micro-satellites (10 to 100 kg) [6] the bipropellant tlmister uses 70 wt.-% H2O2 as oxidizer and ethanol as fuel. The engine displays four sub-components (i) two propellant micro-pumps, (ii) a HP decomposition chamber, (iii) a turbine coupled to an electric power generator and driven by the hot gas released from HP decomposition, and (iv) a thruster for the combustion reaction. 

The principal engineering challenge for SCWO reactor development is not the reactor itself, but preparation of materials for introduction into the reactor, pumping to bring the reaction medium up to pressure, and managing the let down of products back to ambient pressure. Economics for the SCWO process appear favorable Modell has calculated that, with a heat exchanger to recover reaction heat, one can operate a reactor at 2% organic feed with no additional fuel [40]. Workers have also proposed to recover unused oxidant and to condense product CO2. 

The required coolant flow rate through the new LEU fuel channel is at least 30 mVh while in the HEU fuel it is equal to 25 mVh. This difference implies the necessity of increasing the mass flow in the new channels up to 120% of previous nominal flow. However, since the existing infrastructure is not sufficient to increase the mass flow, this process requires replacement of the primary cooling channel pumps. It complicates the whole procedure and makes the fuel conversion much more expensive than it was expected. Therefore, the implementation of IRIDM has been proposed in order to determine the best solution of the problem. 

The proposed system for water injection in both the primary and secondary loop is presented with the schematic shown on Figure 1. The system as shown on Figure 1 is consisting of water source, pipes, portable fossil-fuel powered pump and valves. In order to satisfy the required conditions for work additional elements are considered as well. In this study water reservoir is considered as a source of water. The valves 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 are identical. Valve 1 is... 

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