Fuel cell corrosion

Microelectronic circuits for communications. Controlled permeability films for drug delivery systems. Protein-specific sensors for the monitoring of biochemical processes. Catalysts for the production of fuels and chemicals. Optical coatings for window glass. Electrodes for batteries and fuel cells. Corrosion-resistant coatings for the protection of metals and ceramics. Surface active agents, or surfactants, for use in tertiary oil recovery and the production of polymers, paper, textiles, agricultural chemicals, and cement. 

Electrochemistry is a very broad subject. Those interested in batteries, fuel cells, corrosion, membrane potentials, and so forth will not satisfy their needs here. 

Electrochemistry programs, both basic and applied, are oriented primarily toward batteries, fuel cells, corrosion, and analytical techniques. 

Organic Electrochemistiy Theory Other Batteries Electroplating Fuel Cells Corrosion Lithium Batteries... 

It is difficult to present all applications of EIS some applications (such as those to solid materials and PEM fuel cells, corrosion and passivity, batteries see Sect. 1.3) may be found in available books. As examples, Mott-Schottky plots obtained for semiconductors, the impedance of coating and paints, and electrocatalysis of hydrogen adsorption, absorption and evolution were presented as they are well known in the electrochemical literature. Additionally, newer and developing applications such as the impedance of self-assembled monolayers, biological bilayers, and biosensors were also shown. 

Lauritzen, M.V., P. He, A. Young, et al. 2007. Study of fuel cell corrosion processes using dynamic hydrogen reference electrodes. ]. New Mat. Electrochem. Sys. 10 143-145. 

Lauritzen M V, He P, Young A P, Knights S, Colbow V and Beattie P (2007), Study of Fuel Cell Corrosion Processes Using Dynamic Hydrogen Reference Electrodes , Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems, 10, 143-145. 

Lau SK, Singhal SC (1985) Potential electrode/electrolyte interactions in solid oxide fuel cells. Corrosion 85 1-9... 

Electrode Potentials and Potentlometry Controlled-Potentlal Electrolysis and Voltammetry Electron-Transfer Processes Electrochemical Characterization of Molecules Industrial Electrosynthesis Batteries and Fuel Cells Corrosion Cathodic Protection... 

Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell. The electrolyte in a PEFC is an ion-exchange (qv) membrane, a fluorinated sulfonic acid polymer, which is a proton conductor (see Membrane technology). The only Hquid present in this fuel cell is the product water thus corrosion problems are minimal. Water management in the membrane is critical for efficient performance. The fuel cell must operate under conditions where the by-product water does not evaporate faster than it is produced because the membrane must be hydrated to maintain acceptable proton conductivity. Because of the limitation on the operating temperature, usually less than 120°C, H2-rich gas having Htde or no (

Other Specialty Chemicals. In fuel-ceU technology, nickel oxide cathodes have been demonstrated for the conversion of synthesis gas and the generation of electricity (199) (see Fuel cells). Nickel salts have been proposed as additions to water-flood tertiary cmde-oil recovery systems (see Petroleum, ENHANCED oil recovery). The salt forms nickel sulfide, which is an oxidation catalyst for H2S, and provides corrosion protection for downweU equipment. Sulfur-containing nickel complexes have been used to limit the oxidative deterioration of solvent-refined mineral oils (200). 

The industrial economy depends heavily on electrochemical processes. Electrochemical systems have inherent advantages such as ambient temperature operation, easily controlled reaction rates, and minimal environmental impact (qv). Electrosynthesis is used in a number of commercial processes. Batteries and fuel cells, used for the interconversion and storage of energy, are not limited by the Carnot efficiency of thermal devices. Corrosion, another electrochemical process, is estimated to cost hundreds of millions of dollars aimuaUy in the United States alone (see Corrosion and CORROSION control). Electrochemical systems can be described using the fundamental principles of thermodynamics, kinetics, and transport phenomena. 

The most promising fuel cell for transportation purposes was initially developed in the 1960s and is called the proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Compared with the PAFC, it has much greater power density state-of-the-art PEMFC stacks can produce in excess of 1 kWA. It is also potentially less expensive and, because it uses a thin solid polymer electrolyte sheet, it has relatively few sealing and corrosion issues and no problems associated tvith electrolyte dilution by the product water. 

Aluminum s low density, wide availability, and corrosion resistance make it ideal for construction and for the aerospace industry. Aluminum is a soft metal, and so it is usually alloyed with copper and silicon for greater strength. Its lightness and good electrical conductivity have also led to its use for overhead power lines, and its negative electrode potential has led to its use in fuel cells. Perhaps one day your automobile will not only be made of aluminum but fueled by it, too. 

Cathodic hydrogen evolution is one of the most common electrochemical reactions. It is the principal reaction in electrolytic hydrogen production, the auxiliary reaction in the production of many substances forming at the anode, such as chlorine, and a side reaction in many cathodic processes, particularly in electrohydrometallurgy. It is of considerable importance in the corrosion of metals. Its special characteristic is the fact that it can proceed in any aqueous solution particular reactants need not be added. The reverse reaction, which is the anodic ionization of molecular hydrogen, is utilized in batteries and fuel cells. 

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