Friction apparatus

Pendulum, Friction, Apparatus. See under Friction Sensitivity Tests in Vol 6, F204-L to F206-L... 

Determination of friction sensitivity is applicable to solids, pastes, and gel-type substances. To determine the friction sensitivity, a thin sample is placed under a load between two roughened surfaces, and the surfaces are then rubbed together in a controlled manner. The load can be varied. Results from this action, such as smoke, cracking, or discoloration, are observed. Examples of apparatus of this type are the BAM friction apparatus, shown in Figure 2.30, the rotary friction test, and the ABL friction test. 

FIGURE 2.30. The BAM Friction Apparatus Horizontal and Vertical Cross-Sections... 

BAM friction apparatus or Julius Peters friction apparatus The BAM method is an improved method and is reported to yield reproducible results. This apparatus is used extensively in Europe [67]. It consists of a rough porcelain plate which is rigidly attached to the sliding carriage of the friction apparatus. 

Friction Sensitivity can be detd by pendulum Friction Apparatus, as briefly described in Vol 1 (Ref 9> PP XIII XIV) and given in detail in BurMines Bull 346 (Ref 5)> pp79-84... 

Fig. 2. Schematic illustration of a newly designed friction apparatus. The valve A is opened immediately after the valve B is closed when the measurement begins. The velocity of water flow in the micropipette is measured by a microscope which is set on a mechanical taranslational stage with micrometers with an accuracy of 0.001 mm. After the measurement, the value A is dosed and the valve B is opened to equalize the pressures of the either sides of the sample gel. The valve C is used to change the hydrostatic pressure...

Fig 1 Slidihg-block Friction Apparatus (top) and Block Assembly and Striker (bottom)... 

The case study. The composition of the surface tribofilms formed by ZDDP and of carbonate-phenate RMs in a cam and tappet friction apparatus were examined using a combination of surface analysis techniques. Adding carbonate-phenate RMs to ZDDP resulted in partial replacement of zinc by the detergent metal and loss of the higher molecular weight phosphates in favor of ortho- and... 

Characterization of the bearing surface film, and film formed in a lubricated cam/tappet friction apparatus have been analyzed by reflectance-absorption infrared, X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and Auger electron (AES) spectroscopies (Lindsay et al., 1993). The two lubricants used were similar to fully formulated engine oils. 

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