Fresh-water dermatitis

Dermatitis from salt water cercarias has a sea bird as host and has been reported in the USA, Australia and Hawaii. In the workers in oriental rice fields (India, Malaya, China) and Austral Africa, fresh water dermatitis from cercarias whose hosts are buffaloes, sheep and goats has been observed. 

According to the target host, three forms of dermatitis can be distinguished. Dermatitis from fresh water cercarias, whose host is a bird, has been described in Italy among female workers in the rice fields of the Padania Plain (Gianotti and Invoni 1958). 

Also known by the name of Baker-Rosenbach s erysipeloid, Erysipelothrix dermatitis is an acute, rarely chronic, infection induced by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiaey a non-sporigenous, non-mobile grampositive bacillus which usually has long filaments. It is a frequent infection in pigs, horses, sheep, turkeys and other animals and in salt and fresh water fish. That is... 

In fresh water infested by schistosomes, penetration by larvae of the upper dermis of exposed areas causes a cercarial dermatitis (Wiley 1992). 

Dermatitis-producing effect. Fruit-fixed oil, applied externally to adults at an undiluted concentration, was active ". Diuretic activity. Decoction and infusion of the dried leaf, administered orally to adults at a dose of 5 mL/person for 20-25 days, increased daily urinary output by 100-145 mL, and did not affect blood/sodium, potassium, and chloride " . Ethanol (50%) extract of the fresh leaf, administered intragastrically to rats at a dose of 40 mL/kg, was active. Five parts of fresh plant material in 100 parts water/ethanol was used "". The extracts of leaves of three isolates—GO, AO, and CT—administered to Dahl salt-sensitive, insulin-resistant rats at a dose of 60 mg/kg for 6 weeks, were active . DNA-binding effect. Methanol extract of dried leaves and twigs, at a concentration of 1 pg/mL, was inactive "". ... 

Canary Islands. Hot water extract of the fresh fruit juice is taken orally for cystitis and hot water extract of the fresh stem is used ophthalmically for conjunctivitis . Guatemala. Hot water extract of the dried leaf is taken orally for renal inflammation and as a diuretic . Hot water extract of the dried stalk is used externally for skin diseases and irritations, mouth lesions, stomatitis, dermatitis, and inflammations . Hawaii. Water extract of the shoot is taken orally for asthma . 

Appropriate procedures should be instituted for anyone overcome by nitromethane (e.g., removal from exposure to fresh air, washing skin areas, and irrigation of eyes with water). Treatment for pulmonary irritation or dermatitis may be needed if symptoms are present. 

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