Fresh air

Filtered fresh air enters the room at the mixing box where it is proportionally regulated with re- 

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Remove the patient to the fresh air, and loosen clothing at the neck. If breathing has stopped or is extremely w eak, gh e artificial respiration and continue until the patient is transferred to hospital or until a doctor arrives. 

Use a recycle gas or recycle the pollutants rather than using fresh air or venting. 

Acoustical Louvers. Acoustical louvers are used in building mechanical systems when exterior walls are penetrated for fresh air intake, exhaust, or rehef air, in situations where the impact of HVAC noise is of concern in the surrounding environment. The louvers consist of a series of hoUow sheet metal blades. The bottom faces of the louver blades are perforated and the blades are filled with fibrous sound-absorbing material. Typical acoustical louvers are 20 cm (8 in.) to 30 cm (12 in.) in depth. The amount of insertion loss they provide is limited. 

The layout should ensure that exhausts are not placed close to fresh air intakes and that fire sprinkler protection for present and future requirements, eg, under stairs, storage racks, overhangs, covered walks, etc, is available. AH facility equipment must be stmcturaHy secured as well as freeze protected. 

To recover the sensible heat content of water-saturated exit kiln air, heat exchangers are being employed to contact the exit air with incoming fresh air. Fuel savings of about 30% are being achieved. 

Concentrations of nickel carbonyl as low as 30 ppm in air for 30 min may be lethal for humans. Individuals exposed to these high concentrations show immediate symptoms of dizziness, headache, shortness of breath, and vomiting. These early symptoms generally disappear in fresh air, but delayed symptoms may develop 12—36 h later. These latter symptoms include shortness of breath, cyanosis, chest pain, chills, and fever. In severe exposure cases. 

In case of skin contact, the area should be washed thoroughly with water and examined by a physician if irritation persists. If exposed, the eyes should be flushed with water for at least 15 rninutes. Remove inhalation victims to fresh air and adrninister artificial respiration if the victim is not breathing. If ingested, vomiting should be induced. AU. incidents should be followed by prompt medical attention. 

In the case of inhalation, remove the individual to fresh air. If necessary, give artificial respiration, preferably mouth to mouth. If breathing is labored, give oxygen. Call a physician. 

Victims of overexposure to trichloroethylene should be removed to fresh air, and medical attention should be obtained immediately. A self-contained positive pressure breathing device should be used wherever high vapor concentrations are expected, eg, when cleaning up spills or when accidental releases occur. 

For handling chi orohydrin s, chemical safety goggles, chemical-resistant gloves, OSHA/MSHA approved respirators, and other protective clothing are required. In case of contact, one should immediately flush eyes or skin with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes and remove contaminated clothing and shoes. If inhaled, the person should be moved to fresh air (72). 

X 0.0518-0.0418 VF, 0.0518-0.0113 where X = quantity of fresh air and = total air flow. Thus 75.3 percent of the air is recirculated. Load on the preheater is obtained from an enthalpy balance... 

Theoretical possible heat removal per pound of air circulated in a cooling tower depends on the temperature and moisture content of air. An indication of the moisture content of the air is its wet-bulb temperature. Ideally, then, the wet-bulb temperature is the lowest theoretical temperature to which the water can be cooled. Practically, the cold-water temperature approaches but does not equal the air wet-bulb temperature in a coohng tower this is so because it is impossible to contact all the water with fresh air as the water drops through the wetted fill surface to the basin. The magnitude of approach to the wet-bulb temperature is dependent on tower design. Important factors are air-to-water contact time, amount of fill surface, and breakup of water into droplets. In actual practice, cooling towers are seldom designed for approaches closer than 2.8°C (5°F). 

Figure 26-52 shows the effect of height on the downwind concentrations due to a release. As the release height increases, the ground concentration downwind decreases since the resulting plume has more distance to mix with fresh air prior to contacting the ground. 

The hot combustion gas preheats the fresh air and the prereformer, and can be used further to generate steam. The system is cooled with 200 to 300 percent excess air, A 25-kW S()F(i generator system is shown in Fig, 27-69,... 

Ventilation The paint shop must be well ventilated and provided with exhaust fans to circulate fresh air within the shop. Roughly 20 to 30 air discharges per hour are considered adequate. Wet-painted surfaces, however, must be protected from suspended dust particles in the atmosphere and this can be done by... 

Evaporative emissions from the fuel tank and carburetor have been controlled on all 1971 and later model automobiles sold in the United States. This has been accomplished by either a vapor recovery system which uses the crankcase of the engine for the storage of the hydrocarbon vapors or an adsorption and regeneration system using a canister of activated carbon to trap the vapors and hold them until such time as a fresh air purge through the canister carries the vapors to the induction system for burning in the combustion chamber. 

General ventilation, which relies upon dilution by a combination of fresh air make-up and removal, is a secondary measure. 

Move casualties becoming dizzy or losing consciousness into fresh air and provide artificial respiration if breathing stops. Obtain medical attention (Chapter 13). 

Use oxygen instead of fresh air to ventilate or eool a eonfmed spaee. 

Ensure that fresh air movement is from worker to leak souree and not viee versa. 

Breathing apparatus Light duty construction air line Fresh air hose and compressed air line Self contained 10-2000... 

In case of accident by inhalation remove casualty to fresh air and keep at rest... 

The nose quickly becomes tolerant of strong odors, so that the assistant may need to take a long rest (breathing fresh air) between tests. 

Dyspnea Dyspnea is shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing. The victim is usually quite aware of the unusual breathing pattern. Shortness of breath can be an indicator of many physical ailments including simple exertion, a panic attack, a blow to the chest, asthma, cardiac disease, as well as exposure to toxic chemicals. If a person is suffering from shortness of breath, evaluate them for additional symptoms and possible exposures. Keep the victim in a sitting position. Remove the victim to fresh air, if possible, and seek medical attention. 

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