French mixture

Frantsuzskaya Sines . Rus for French Mixture, which consisted of PA (Picric Acid) 80 DNN (Dinitronaphthalene) 20%. It was used for filling some shells, aerial bombs, antitank mines and for demolition charges known as podryvnyiye shaski of the same size as those filled with Trotyl (TNT)... 

Fu mi gene. Fr for a pyrotechnic smoke mixture. One of the pre-WWII French mixtures contd tetrachlorethane 40, ZnO 20, powdered Zh 15, Ca silicide 15 Na chlorate 10%... 

French Mixture (Frantsuzskaya Smes , in Russian). Mixture of PA (Picric Acid) 80 DNN (Dinitronaphthalene) 20%, which may be considered as phlegmarized PA (Refs 1, 3, 4 5). It was used both in France and in Russia as a bursting charge in mines, bombs and shells. 

French mixture of cyanogen chloride and arsenic trichloride. 

The term bitumen is used in France to designate petroleum products, as in Great Britain and Germany. In the United States on the other hand, the equivalent material is designated by the expression asphalt-cement . In France, asphalt is a mastic, a mixture of bitumen and powdered minerals, poured in place. This mixture can be either natural or reconstituted by an industriai process. Asphait (French meaning) is utilized on roads, particularly in urban centers as well as for sidewalk surfacing. 

By oxidation of d- and Z-pinene of high rotatory power, Barbier and Grignard obtained the optically active forms of pinonic acid. Z-pinene from French turpentine oil (boiling-point 155 to 157 , od - 37 2 157 to 160 , tto - 32 3°) was oxidised with permanganate. From the product of oxidation, which (after elimination of the volatile acids and of nopinic acid) boiled at 189 to 195 under 18 mm. pressure, Z-pinonic acid separated out in long crystalline needles, which, after recrystallisation from a mixture of ether and petroleum ether, melted at 67° to 69 . The acid was easily soluble in water and ether, fairly soluble in chloroform, and almost insoluble in petroleum ether. Its specific rotation is [a]o - 90-5 in chloroform solution. Oximation produced two oximes one, laevo-rotatory, melting-point 128 and the other, dextro-rotatory, melting-point 189° to 191°. 

We can predict how the composition of a reaction mixture at equilibrium tends to change when the conditions are changed by following the general principle identified by the French chemist Henri Le Chatelier (Fig. 9.9) ... 

The same applies to hydrazine. In the presence of catalysts, the ignition is instantaneous and violent. This mixture was used as the first propellant for rockets, in particular for V2 and the French rocket called Veronique . In the absence of catalysts, there is a period of induction, but when decomposition occurs it cein be explosive. 

Finally, a recently published crossover study of coffee oil lipid extracts by Urgert et al.27 compared the effects of 60 mg/day of cafestol with a mixture of 60 mg/day of cafestol plus 50 mg/day of kahweol. These doses were comparable to consuming 10 to 20 cups of boiled Turkish or French-press coffee. In 10 healthy men, 18 days of cafestol alone resulted in significant increases in total cholesterol (0.79 mmol/L [31 mg/dL]), LDL-C (0.57 mmol/L [22 mg/dL]), and TG (0.65 mmol/L [58 mg/dL]), relative to baseline. Compared to cafestol alone, the cafestol/kahweol mixture resulted in additional increases in total cholesterol (0.23 mmol/L [9 mg/dL), LDL-C (0.23 mmol/L [9 mg/dL]), and TG (0.09 mmol/L [8... 

Vincent Rillieux freely acknowledged his family. Norbert was baptized by a Roman Catholic priest in St. Louis Cathedral, where blacks and whites knelt side by side to pray. The child s birth was registered in City Hall in a mixture of French and English as Norbert Rillieux, quadroon libre, natural son of Vincent Rillieux and Constance Vivant. The words, quadroon libre, stipulated that Norbert was a free African American with more white ancestry than black. 

Figure 4. Scanning electron micrographs of patterns in a 0.8-fim PFEMA film exposed to synchrotron radiation from the French electron synchrotron ACO in Orsay (exposure time 2.5 times shorter than that required for PMMA) and developed in a MIBK/IPA 4 1 mixture at20°C for ISO s...

Schneiderhan, F.J. (1933). The discovery of Bordeaux mixture (three papers) I. Treatment of mildew and rot./ II. Treatment of mildew with copper sulphate and lime mixture./ III. Concerning the history of the treatment of mildew with copper sulphate. By Perre Marie Alexis Millardet 1885 , ATranslation from the French by Felix John Schneiderhan. American Phytopathological Society Phytopathological Classics, 3. 

No. 12 (French WWI Shell) Benzyl Iodide (60-50%), Benzyl Chloride (20-50%), and Stannic Chloride (20-0%) Mixture ... 

No. 16 (French WWI Shell) Dimethyl Sulfate (75%) and Chlorosulfonic Acid (25%) or Methyl Chlorosulfonate (25%) Mixture ... 

The reactions of alkyl nitronates (164) or (165) derived from a-functionalized primary AN with monosubstituted acetylenes produce mixtures of diastereomeric aziridines (166) in moderate to high yields. Most probably, the first step of this process involves normal concerted cycloaddition to give the corresponding intermediates A, which were not detected due to their fast rearrangement to give acyl-substituted aziridines (166). The reaction is regioselective and stereospecific. The latter fact was demonstrated by French researchers (95). 

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