Free sorting development

With regard to what we have spoken of, in order to have an idea clear and precise, and to avoid all contention on what should be meant by the word Nitre, we remark first, and if one doubt of it, it will be clearly seen by the following that there is a large number of bodies which contain a particular acid such as that of saltpeter, and consequently different in its nature and in its effects from all the other acids that we know, from those for example of alum, of vitriol, of sulphur, and of common salt. That this acid is the true nitrous principle, or the true principle of Nitre but as it is only by the aid of art, that is to say, by distillation, that this acid is found free and developed up to a certain point, and that in its natural state it is found in several sorts of terrestrial, saline, sulphureous materials which serve it as base or the matrix, it forms by that, different species of nitrous bodies which are all alike by their acid, and are different from one another by the nature of the materials which enclose the acid. ... 

Free sorting as a sensory profiling technique for product development... 

Several variants of the free sorting task have been developed for specific objectives. Since they differ in terms of the instructions given to the subjects and the type of collected data, they can be considered as separate procedures. 

The aim of this study is to better understand the consumers representations and perceptions of car body styles, and assess the effect of the physical parameters of cars on the consumers perceptions. For this purpose, we have developed a methodological approach using experimental designs and free sorting task procedure. 

Free sorting task can also be used to assess the respective importance of design parameters in an optimization process of product development. In this context, the designer can focus on parameters that define the different categories of the products inferred from the consumers perceptions. 

It was therefore decided to develop a comparative methodology which would circumvent the limitations of other rapid comparative methods and which would enable data aggregation from several studies. Ideally, this method should not require the presentation of an excessive number of samples in each new analysis, which would amount to running the evaluation on the full product set again. Besides, this methodology should be possibly performed by subjects without special training, as in free sorting. 

In view of the difficulties discussed in Section 2 it seems that many of the more important equilibria of relevance to power station operation will not be directly measurable. It is certain, therefore, that great emphasis will have to be placed on methods of estimating high temperature data. It also seems clear that, if these are to be checked up to 350 C, a variety of experimental techniques may well prove necessary to sort out usable thermodynamic data from experiments which, on their own, cannot give them. Alternatively, if estimation procedures can be developed which are substantially free from empirical fitting parameters, they may not require extensive checking. 

So far we have assumed that the electronic structure of the crystal consists of one band derived, in our approximation, from a single atomic state. In general, this will not be a realistic picture. The metals, for example, have a complicated system of overlapping bands derived, in our approximation, from several atomic states. This means that more than one atomic orbital has to be associated with each crystal atom. When this is done, it turns out that even the equations for the one-dimensional crystal cannot be solved directly. However, the mathematical technique developed by Baldock (2) and Koster and Slater (S) can be applied (8) and a formal solution obtained. Even so, the question of the existence of otherwise of surface states in real crystals is diflBcult to answer from theoretical considerations. For the simplest metals, i.e., the alkali metals, for which a one-band model is a fair approximation, the problem is still difficult. The nature of the difficulty can be seen within the framework of our simple model. In the first place, the effective one-electron Hamiltonian operator is really different for each electron. If we overlook this complication and use some sort of mean value for this operator, the operator still contains terms representing the interaction of the considered electron with all other electrons in the crystal. The Coulomb part of this interaction acts in such a way as to reduce the effect of the perturbation introduced by the existence of a free surface. A self-consistent calculation is therefore essential, and the various parameters in our theory would have to be chosen in conformity with the results of such a calculation. 

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