Free radical in carcinogenesis

Floyd, R.A. (1990). Role of oxygen free radicals in carcinogenesis and brain ischemia. FASEB J. 4, 2587-2597. 

FREE RADICALS IN CARCINOGENESIS AND APOPTOSIS THE CRITICAL BALANCE... 

Ye J, Zhang X, Young HA, et al. 1995. Chromium(VI)-induced nuclear factor-KB activation in intact cells via free radical reactions. Carcinogenesis 16(10) 2401-2405. 

Burdon, R.H. Carcinogenesis and free radicals. In Free Radicals From Basic Science To Medicine, Molecular and Cell Biology Updates, Poll, G., Albano, E., Dianzani, M.U., Eds. Birkhauser Verlag Basel, 1993 187-198. 

Landoph JR (1999) Role of free radicals in metal-induced carcinogenesis. In Sigel A and Sigel H (eds.) Metal Ions in Biological Systems, Vol. 36, Interrelations between Free Radicals on Metal Ions in Life Processes, pp. 445-483. New York Dekker. 

Sullivan PD, Calle LM, Shafer K, et al. 1978. Effects of antioxidants of benzo[a]pyrene free radicals. In Freudenthal RI. Jones PW, eds. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons 2nd International Symposium on Analysis. Chemistry, and Biology (Carcinogenesis-a comprehensive survey). Vol. 3. New York, NY Raven Press. 1-3. 

Sahu, S.C. (1991) Role of oxygen free radicals in the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis a review. Environ. Car-cinog. Ecotoxicol. Rev. C9 83-112. 

In 1966, Forbes reported on the role of free radicals in tobacco smoke carcinogenesis (1210). In that publication, he concluded that tobacco smoke condensates contained a variety of free radical species that had a broad range of stability. Some of the free radicals had life-times of only a few seconds, while others are stable over long periods of time. The chemical nature of the radicals formed in tobacco smoke was not fully identified. Forbes postulated that some of the free radicals formed resembled radicals obtained from benzo[a]pyrene. 

Cooper et al. published a paper (814) in the 1968 National Cancer Institute monograph Toward a Less Harmful Cigarette (4343) in which they suggested that free radicals in MSS were possible contributors to tobacco smoke carcinogenesis. They summarized research from the previous decade on free radicals in tobacco smoke and discussed the possible role of free radicals as a cause of cancer (814). It should be noted that as early as 1954, Dorn reviewed the published experimental evidence that indicated that the products formed by the combustion of tobacco may cause skin cancer in mice. He stated that compared to other known carcinogens, the combustion products of tobacco smoke are relatively weak. (27A30). 

Role of Free Radicals in Metal-Induced Carcinogenesis Joseph R. Landolph... 

Fubini, B., Bolis, V., Giamello, E. and Volante, M. (1991). Chemical functionalities at the broken fibre surface relatable to free radicals production. In Mechanisms in Fibre Carcinogenesis (eds. R.C. Brown, J.A. Hoskins and N.F. Johnson) pp. 415-432. Plenum, New York. 

Pryor, W.A. (1987). Cigarette smoke and the involvement of free radical reactions in chemical carcinogenesis. Br. J. Cancer 55, 19-23. 

Guyton, K. Z. Bhan, P. Kuppusamy, P. Zweier, J. L. Trush, M. A. Kensler, T. W. Free radical-derived quinone methide mediates skin tumor promotion by butylated hydroxytoluene hydroperoxide expanded role for electrophiles in multistage carcinogenesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1991, 88, 946-950. 

Such reactions have only been investigated on their role in the processes of ageing and carcinogenesis to a large extent (Dizdaroglu 1991), their effects on environmental contaminants and organisms have not been fully realized. Because of the short time and difficulties in chemical analyses for transitory presence of free radicals, relationship between free radical concentrations and effects on pollutants or natural microorganisms has not been fully established. It is clear that further... 

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