Frame, closed

Sun, Y., Judson, R.S., and Kouri, D.J. (1989) Body frame close coupling wave packet approach to gas phase atom-rigid rotor inelastic collisions, J. Chern. Phys. 

Station salinity samples for analysis with a salinometer are taken from water samplers that are closed at desired depths or pressures. In many cases, a rosette sampler is used that carries Niskin or comparable water sampling bottles (see Chapter 1). Ihe bottles are mounted in one or more rings on a frame. Closing the bottles at desired pressure levels is triggered from the deck unit in the ship s laboratory. New s tems allow selection of bottles individually and not just in the order of their position on the frame. Most frequently, and necessary for WOCE standards, the rosette sampler is operated together with a CTD that is mounted on the rosette s frame. The CTD s on-line pressure information is then used for controlled closing of the water samplers. 

Biological Attack. Wood is subject to decay caused by certain types of fungi. In extreme cases, such as in tropical climates, unprotected timber may be destroyed in a few months. Keeping wood adequately dry (less than 20 percent moisture) minimizes fungal damage. Structural timber should be protected from the weather by a well-ventilated shelter, and wood members should not be framed close to the ground. 

To reduce the weight of the manifold, and in so doing to bring power consumption down, the best shape for the manifold is one that matches the channel layout. The distribution and method of installation of the heaters also has a bearing on manifold shape. Typical manifolds are shaped like one or more letters H, X or Y (see Figure 4.68), while frame (closed) shapes are avoided, since temperature differences may cause internal stresses in the manifold. The shape of the manifold should also allow extra cavity plate supports to be put in. 

Table I is a list of the large clusters containing at least one fully interstitial metal atom these all adopt metal frames closely...

The capped sticks model can be seen as a variation of the wire frame model, where the structure is represented by thicker cylindrical bonds (figure 2-123b). The atoms are shi unk to the diameter of the cylinder and ai e used only for smoothing or closing the ends of the tubes. With its thicker bonds, the capped sticks model conveys an improved 3D impression of a molecule when compared with the wire frame model. 

An indatable diaphragm or membrane has been used in membrane plate presses closely related to the conventional plate and frame presses. A pressure filtration period is foUowed by compression with the hydraulically operated membrane or by a hydraulically operated ram if dexible rim seals are fitted. This principle also is used in vertical presses that use either one or two endless cloth belts indexing between plates. Indatable membrane also may be used on a cylindrical filtration surface with or without a preceding pressure filtration stage. 

Plate and frame coolers using HasteUoy C-276 plates have been used successfuUy. Anodically protected plate coolers are available as weU as plate coolers with plates welded together to minimize gasketing. Another promising development is the introduction of plate coolers made of HasteUoy D205 (105). This aUoy has considerably better corrosion resistance to concentrated sulfuric acid at higher temperatures than does C-276. Because of the close clearance between plates, cooling water for plate coolers must be relatively clean. 

BeryUium is used in the space shuttle orbiter as window frames, umbUical doors, and the navigation base assembly. An important appHcation for beryUium is inertial guidance components for missiles and aircraft. Here the lightweight, high elastic modulus, dimensional stabUity, and the capabUity of being machined to extremely close tolerances are aU important. 

P F = plate and frame-type cell St Ves = stacked electrodes placed in a closed vessel. 

Because indirect-heat calciners frequently require close-fitting gas seals, it is customaiy to support aU parts on a selFcontained frame, for sizes up to approximately 2 m in diameter. The furnace can employ elec tric heating elements or oil and/or gas burners as the heat source for the process. The hardware would be zoned down the length of the furnace to match the heat requirements of the process. Process control is normaUy by shell temperature, measured by thermocouples or radiation pyrometers. When a special gas atmosphere must be maintained inside the cyhnder, positive rotaiy gas se s, with one or more pressurized and purged annular chambers, are employed. The diaphragm-type seal ABB Raymond (Bartlett-Snow TM) is suitable for pressures up to 5 cm of water, with no detectable leakage. 

Plate-and-frame exchangers transfer heat by passing cooling fluids and process fluids between large corrugated panels. Crevices exist between closely spaced panels that stimulate localized attack. Plates... 

Stainless steel corrugated plates from a plate-and-frame heat exchanger. Closed chill water cooling loop used to cool continuous caster mold. 

For open filters, use alternate closed filtering methods such as plate and frame... 

Tube ventilation In this system cooling tubes which work as heat exchangers are welded between the core packet and the outer frame and are open only to the atmosphere. See to Figures 1.20 (a)-(c). One fan inside the stator, mounted on the rotor shaft, transfers the internal hot air through the tube walls which form the internal closed cooling circuit. A second fan mounted outside at the NDE blows out the internal hot air of the tubes to the atmosphere and replaces it with fresh cool air from the other side. This forms a separate external cooling circuit. 

Frame surface cooled (using the surrounding medium) The primary coolant is circulated in a closed circuit and dissipates heat to the secondary ccxilant. which is the surrounding medium in contact with the outside surface of the machine. The surface may be smooth or ribbed, to improve on heat transfer efficiency (as, in a TEFC or tube venulated motor (Figures 1.19 and 1.20) 4 ... 

Gas turbine size is important in the cost of the plant. The larger the gas turbine the less the initial cost per kW. The aero-derivative turbines have traditionally been higher in efficiency however, the new frame type turbines have been closing the gap in efficiency. Figure 4-3 shows typical gas... 

ROESY Rotating frame NOESY, detection of NOE in the HH COSY format with suppressed spin-diffusion, detects closely spaced protons also in smaller molecules... 

Probable survival of steel of concrete-framed building Almost certain death of persons very close to blast... 

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