Fragrances, contact allergy

Johansen, J.D., S. Heydom, and T. Menne. 2002. Oak moss extracts in the diagnosis of fragrance contact allergy. Contact Dermat. 46(3) 157-161. 

Cuesta L, Silvestre JF, Toledo F, Lucas A, P6rez-Crespo M, B allester I. Fragrance contact allergy a 4-year retrospective study. Contact Dermatitis 2010 63(2) 77-84. 

Fluoroquinolones, 12.250, 18.271 Fluorouracil, adverse reactions, 23.476 Folic acid, dietary supplementation, 19.369 safety aspects, 27.407 Formoterol, tolerance, 24.187 Fragrances, contact allergy, 20.149... 

The literature confirms that the fragrance mix remains the best screening agent for contact allergy to perfumes because it can detect some 70 to 80% of all perfume allergies.10,11 However,... 

Ointment bases do not seem to cause contact allergy in the anogenital region too often, despite wide use. Wool wax alcohol and amerchol L-101 are the most important (15,17). Contact sensitivity to balsam of Peru and fragrance mix is not infrequent and reflects the ubiquitous presence of these substances (16). 

Coumarin is a component of cosmetics and fragrances for which conflicting results have been reported regarding its propensity to induce contact allergy. A careful study has shown that pure coumarin does not exhibit irritant or sensitizing properties. It only exhibits toxic properties when contaminated with impurities J43 ... 

Combinations of allergens have been shown to produce synergistic effects in sensitized individuals. A study was conducted of 18 human volunteers with contact allergies who were exposed to a 1 1 mixture of two fragrance compounds, each of which is known to induce ACD. The mixtures elicited responses that were 3-4 times higher than anticipated... 

Simple, nonpharmacologic, preventive measures should be recommended for all patients with AD. Clinicians should be attuned to the various types of moisturizer classes, including occlusives, humectants, and emollients. Each has a different mechanism of action on the epidermis, and thus treatment should be tailored to an individual patient need. Generally speaking, an ointment is more occlusive than a cream or a lotion, and thus can retain more moisture in contact with the skin. Avoidance of extraneous fragrances, dyes, and preservatives, as well as understanding a potential role of excipient contact allergy is also of importance in emollient selection (Table 97-1). 

Schnuch, A., H. Lessmann, J. Geier, P.J. Frosch, and W. Uter. 2004. Contact allergy to fragrances Frequencies of sensitization from 1996 to 2002. Results of the IVDK. Ccmtact Dermat. 50(2) 65-76. 

Thyssen, J.P., B.C. Carlsen, T. Menne, and J.D. Johansen. 2008. Trends of contact allergy to fragrance mix I and Myroxylon pereirae among Danish eczema patients tested between 1985 and 2007. Contact Dermat. 59(4) 238-244. 

Among 422 patients with suspected contact allergy in Korea, 9.6% tested positive to a fragrance mix and 2.4% tested positive to sandalwood essential oil (An et al. 2005). 

Among 167 patients with suspected fragrance allergy in a worldwide investigation of fragrance contact dermatitis, 6.6% were allergic to sandalwood, while 1.8% had irritation reactions to sandalwood (Larsen et al. 1996). Among 641 Israeli patients with eczema, none tested positive to sandalwood (Trattner and David 2003). 

Skin Fragrances are collectively the second most frequent cause of contact allergy. In a 4-year retrospective study of 1253 patients... 

De Groot AC, Bos JD, Jagtman BA, et al. (1986) Contact allergy to preservatives. Contact Dermatitis 15 218-222 Methyldibromoglutaronitrile is an important contact allergen in the Netherlands. Contact Dermatitis 34 118-120 De Groot AC, Liem DH, Nater JP, van Ketel WG (1985) Patch tests with fragrance materials and preservatives. Contact Dermatitis 12 87-92... 

Micro-traumata from shaving facilitates (photo) contact allergy to aftershave fragrances (Edman 1994). 

De Groot AC (1994) Patch testing, 2nd edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam De Groot AC, Frosch PJ (1997) Adverse reactions to fragrances. A clinical review. Contact Dermatitis 36 57-86 De Groot AC, Liem DH (1983a) Facial psoriasis caused by contact allergy to linalool and hydroxycitronellal in an aftershave. Contact Dermatitis 9 230-232... 

De Groot AC, Bruynzeel DP, Bos JD, et al. (1988) The allergens in cosmetics. Arch Dermatol 124 1525-1529 De Groot AC, Baar AJM, Terpstra H, Weyland JW (1991) Contact allergy to moist toilet paper. Contact Dermatitis 24 135-136 De Groot AC, Van der Kley AMJ, Bruynzeel DP, et al. (1993) Frequency of false-negative reactions to the fragrance mix. Contact Dermatitis 28 139-140... 

Utsumi M, Sugai T, Shoji A, Watanabe K, Asoh S, Hashimoto Y (1992) Incidence of positive reactions to sandalwood oil and its related fragrance materials in patch tests and a case of contact allergy to natural and synthetic sandalwood oil in a museum worker. Skin Res 34[Suppl i4] 209-2i3... 

Larsen W, Nakayama H, Lindberg M, et al. (1996) Fragrance contact dermatitis a worldwide multicenter investigation (part I). Am J Contact Dermat 7 77-83 Rudzki E, Grzywa Z (1986) Allergy to perfume mixture. Contact Dermatitis 15 115-116... 

In its Interim position on Fragrance allergy SCCNFP/0202/99 adopted at the SCCNFP session of June 23,1999, the SCCNFP already stated Contact allergy to fragrance substances is an important clinical problem. Up to 10% of individuals with eczema are allergic to fragrance substances and possibly 1-2% of the general population. ... 

Fragrance ingredients have to be considered as an important cause of contact allergy. 

Too little attention has been paid to the effects of surfactants on the skin barrier and environmental toxicology [143]. For example, one of the most frequently reported side effects from the use of consumer products is contact allergy [144]. In most cases, the contact allergen is a trace ingredient, such as a fragrance component, preservative (Kathon,... 

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