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Fractionation of solubility

Radke et al. [28] described an automated medium-pressure liquid chromatograph, now commonly called the Kohnen-Willsch instrument. At present, the method is widely used to isolate different fractions of soluble organic matter (for instance, as described in Reference 29 to Reference 31). A combination of normal phase and reversed-phase liquid chromatography has been used by Garrigues et al. [32] to discriminate between different aromatic ring systems and degrees of methylamine in order to characterize thermal maturity of organic matter. [Pg.372]

FIGURE 15.1 Scheme showing PLC group fractionation of soluble organic matter into fractions of aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic compounds with application of urea clathra-tion, and methylation of carboxylic acids in polar fractions based on experimental data given in Reference 36 to Reference 52, Reference 77 to Reference 81, and Reference 88 to Reference 89. [Pg.375]

FIGURE 15.2 Group fractionation of soluble organic matter with application of argentation PLC based on Reference 61 and Reference 89 to Reference 93. [Pg.378]

Somewhat variable results were obtained with Norway spruce since optimum conditions were not used on all runs. However, the fractions of soluble lignin were roughly as above, although the yields of total soluble lignin were lower. [Pg.272]

A characteristic feature during network formation is the presence of a critical transition called gelation, which involves an abrupt change from a liquidlike to a solidlike behavior. Figure 3.3 illustrates the evolution of (zero-shear) viscosity, elastic modulus and fraction of soluble material (sol fraction), as a function of the conversion of reactive groups (x). At x = xgel, the (zero-shear) viscosity becomes infinite, there is a buildup of the elastic modulus, and an insoluble fraction (gel fraction) suddenly appears. [Pg.79]

Fractionation of soluble proteins from cestodes has revealed, in addition to other components, a variety of lipoprotein and glycoprotein conjugates. Many of these complexes are antigenic, and much effort, particularly in taeniid cestodes, has focussed on trying to isolate and characterise these antigens with a view to using them in specific immunodiagnosis and possibly as vaccines (690, 962 Chapter 11). [Pg.117]

G. Onning, I. A. Bergdahl, Fractionation of soluble selenium compounds from fish using size-exclusion chromatography with on-line detection by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Analyst, 124 (1999), 1435-1438. [Pg.634]

The volume fraction of soluble material on a moisture free-basis tjrv can be obtained from... [Pg.491]

Figure 5.7 Total ion chromatograms of 10 p/ fractions of soluble yeast proteins. Reproduced from F. Zhou and M. Johnston, Electrophoresis, 28, 1383-1388 (2005), with permission from Wiley-VCH... [Pg.79]

If a solution is prepared in which the initial concentration of MnCl2 is 5 X 10" M and that of phthalic acid is 5 X 10 Af, and the pH is then adjusted to 7, calculate the fraction of soluble Mn that is complexed with the organic acid at equilibrium. (Ignore activity corrections, which are small in this solution of low ionic strength.)... [Pg.30]

Up to the gel point all molecules are finite and the weight fraction of solubles, Wg, is thus unity. Beyond the gel point molecules are rapidly incorporated into the network and Wg decreases rapidly. For the homopolymerization of A/ (/ > 2), a randomly chosen A/ molecule will be part of the sol if all / of its arms lead out to finite chains. Thus,... [Pg.410]

Problem 5.37 Consider the polyether network formation by the stepwise polymerization of pentaerythritol. Using the recursive method of direct computation, determine the following network properties as a function of the extent of reaction (a) weight-average molecular weight, (b) weight fraction of solubles, and (c) cross-link densities. Neglect the effect of condensation products on these properties. [Pg.411]

Figure 4. Fraction of solubility concentration of copper attained as a function of depth for a diffusing salt as calculated from Equation 1 (see text)... Figure 4. Fraction of solubility concentration of copper attained as a function of depth for a diffusing salt as calculated from Equation 1 (see text)...
An alternative expression can be developed replacing the equivalent diameter of the insoluble material d with the mass fraction of soluble material em, assuming that the insoluble material has a density p . Then for a dry particle of diameter ds the following relationship exists between the insoluble core diameter du and the mass fraction em... [Pg.775]

The exponential term is approximately unity for Dp > 0.2 pm since cloud droplets exceed this size easily, we will take this term as unity. For a dilute drop, we can approximate the aqueous-phase mole fraction of soluble gas as xa n /nw, giving... [Pg.815]

Whether a particular particle becomes activated depends on its size and its content of soluble material, in addition to the degree of supersaturation achieved in the cloud and the rate at which the supersaturation changes. The magnitude of the critical supersaturation for activation decreases with increasing particle size and mass fraction of soluble material in the particle. As a result, larger particles activate sooner than smaller particles, and becau.se they contain a large fraction of soluble salts, marine aerosols tend to activate more readily than continental aerosols of the same size for a given supersaturation. Concentrations of CCN as a function of supersaturation, so-called CCN spectra, can be measured by expos-... [Pg.1177]

From the extraction experiments it was found that a significant part of the coke is soluble. The samples coked by the feed with higher amount of CIO compounds (M20-8 and M-20-4) produced a larger fraction of soluble coke, as shown in Table 2. It means that, although more coke is produced in these sample a large fraction of it is a hydrogenated coke and thus easier to be removed. [Pg.50]

Bacteria have a great tendency to attach to non-growing or slow-growing phytoplankton cells. Degrading enzymes on bacterial surfaces catalyze degradation of phytoplankton cellular biopolymers. The bacteria eventually take up some of the products and the fraction of soluble compounds not taken up is reieased. [Pg.111]

Purification of a myeloma immunoglobulin M and its tryptic Fab and (Fc)j fragments Fractionation of soluble brain glycoproteins Purification of rat kidney glycoproteins for production of heterologous antisera which induce congenital abnormalities... [Pg.600]

Whole tissue fractional rates of synthesis are correlated with fractional rates of protein synthesis in crude fractions of soluble, mitochondrial and myofibrillar protein (Fig. 15) except for the myofibrils of white muscle. [Pg.22]

Table 4 indicates that Fe was mostly extracted after the third (average extraction in all samples 44%), fifth (avg. 32%) and second phase (avg. 24%) of sequential extraction. These results conclude that Fe is mostly present in the form of hydroxides [82], and that it seems to be the main substrate for heavy metals in river sediment samples. Because the second phase is abundant (average 24%), it means that beside iron s hydro- and crystalline-oxides, there are fractions of soluble amorphous iron hydroxides. A decrease of redox-potential will first dissolve the most soluble amorphous hydroxides and than less soluble hydro- and crystalline-oxides of iron, and dissolution of all forms of hydroxides is followed by release of heavy metals to the environment. [Pg.312]

In a steam-containing gas flow, the presence of a significant fraction of soluble substances (e. g. CsOH) on the surfaces of the deposited aerosols will result in a drastic decrease in the degree of resuspension, even at very high gas velocities. In the Lace experiments, the measured resuspension fluxes were two to three orders of magnitude lower with mixed aersosols (MnO and CsOH) than those obtained for pure insoluble deposits (Rahn, 1988). Similarly, it was observed in these experiments that chemical effects could not be ignored. [Pg.547]

The product contains both DMSO-soluble and DMSO-insoluble fractions. It is reasonable to conclude that the insoluble portion contains at least some cross-linking. Interestingly, the fraction of soluble product increases at high ratios of... [Pg.151]


See other pages where Fractionation of solubility is mentioned: [Pg.485]    [Pg.180]    [Pg.233]    [Pg.7]    [Pg.99]    [Pg.491]    [Pg.208]    [Pg.190]    [Pg.1085]    [Pg.35]    [Pg.160]    [Pg.756]    [Pg.361]    [Pg.84]    [Pg.589]    [Pg.275]    [Pg.486]    [Pg.98]    [Pg.491]    [Pg.211]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.390 ]




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