Fourier transform IR spectroscop

Fourier Transform IR Spectroscopic Characterization of the Functional Groups on Carbon Black... 

Niki, H., P. D. Maker, C. M. Savage, and L. P. Breitenbach (1977). Fourier transform IR spectroscopic observations of propylene ozonide in the gas phase reaction of ozone-cis-butene-formaldehyde. Chem Phys. Lett. 46, 327-330. 

MAE Maeda, Y., Tsubota, M., and Ikeda, I., Fourier transform IR spectroscopic study on phase transitions of copolymers of A-isopropylacrylamide and alkyl acrylates in water, Colloid Polym. Sci., 281, 79, 2003. 

Pavne, K.J. and Veis, A. (1988) Fourier transform IR spectroscope of collagen and gelatin solutions Dccon volution of amide I band for conformational studies. Biopolymers, 27, 1749-1760. 

Numerous analyses in the quality control of most kinds of samples occurring in the flavour industry are done by different chromatographic procedures, for example gas chromatography (GC), high-pressure liquid chromatography (fiPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE). Besides the different IR methods mentioned already, further spectroscopic techniques are used, for example nuclear magnetic resonance, ultraviolet spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy (MS) and atomic absorption spectroscopy. In addition, also in quality control modern coupled techniques like GC-MS, GC-Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, HPLC-MS and CE-MS are gaining more and more importance. 

Recent advances in the development of non-invasive, in situ spectroscopic scanned-probe and microscopy techniques have been applied successfully to study mineral particles in aqueous suspension (Hawthorne, 1988 Hochella and White, 1990). In situ spectroscopic methods often utilise molecular probes that have diagnostic properties sensitive to changes in short-range molecular environments. At the particle-solution interface, the molecular environment around a probe species is perturbed, and the diagnostic properties of the probe, which can be either optical or magnetic, then report back on surface molecular structure. Examples of in situ probe approaches that have been used fruitfully include electron spin resonance (ESR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin-probe studies perturbed vibrational probe (Raman and Fourier-transform IR) studies and X-ray absorption (Hawthorne, 1988 Hochella and White, 1990 Charletand Manceau, 1993 Johnston et al., 1993). 

In spite of the experimental difficulty of using infrared spectroscopy to study the surface structure of carbon, IR spectroscopic measurements (especially in the form of Fourier transform IR, FTIR) have brought to light important information on the changes in surface chemistry produced by oxidation and substitution reactions. As a result of the systematic FTIR studies of Starsinic et al. (1983), van Driel (1983) and others (see Zawadzky, 1989 Boehm, 1994), considerable progress has been made in the assignment of IR bands. 

The measurement of acidity in paper documents with cold- and hot-water extraction frequently distorts and damages the paper fibers and printing inks. Many paper conservators and museum curators have long desired a reliable and rapid method for the detection of acidity of paper documents in a nondestructive manner so that they can determine the acidity routinely to screen out valuable book documents for deacidification or other necessary preservation treatments. The objective of this chapter is to introduce two spectroscopic techniques, namely, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR) and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), for chemical analysis of paper surfaces. The effectiveness of these techniques in analyzing and determining the presence of acidic functional groups on paper documents is demonstrated. 

Spectroscopic probes have been used to characterize the very weak solvent a/v and dipolarity of CO2, as reviewed elsewhere (1,32). Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR) has been used to show that CO2 interacts as an electron acceptor toward carbonyl groups in polymers, based upon splitting of the V2 bending mode of CO2 (33). Equilibrium constants have been... 

This paper summarizes a series of experiments directed to the development of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FT-IR) techniques for monitoring the events that occur when blood contacts the surface of a biomedical device. Special emphasis is placed on the methodology used for quantification and compositional analysis of protein adsorption from complex protein mixtures in aqueous solutions. 

We have been investigating Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic methods for monitoring blood-surface interactions for over six years, during which period the following capabilities of the FT-IR technique for this application have been demonstrated ... 

Substantial progress in the elucidation of the surface structure of crystalline and amorphous silicas has been achieved by means of high-resolution spectroscopic techniques, for example, Si cross-polarization magic-angle spinning NMR spectroscopy and Fourier transform IR spectroscopy. The results lead to a better understanding of the acidity, dehydration properties, and adsorption behavior of the surface. These properties are key features in the design of novel advanced silica materials. The current methods of characterization are briefly reviewed and summarized. 

Another variant of IR spectroscopic technique is known as Fourier Transform IR Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) has been described by Poston et al. [123] to study adsorbates at the silica-solution interface. The authors reported the preparation of ZnSe internal-reflection elements coated with a porous silica layer of ca. 700 nm thick. They studied the adsorption of ethylacetate from n-heptane solutions. This technique allows the determination of IR spectra in-situ and its dependence on the solution concentration. They found a nonlinear adsorption isotherm of ethylacetate on... 

Another example is reported by Kubik and includes cyclopeptides composed of natural amino acids and 3-aminobenzoic acid in an alternating sequence. It was found that the cation affinity of receptor 2 depends on the anion present in solution. With anions, such as phosphonates and sulfonates, that bind to the NH groups of the cyclopeptides, allosteric effects have been observed. NMR and FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopic investigations show that these anions stabilize a particular conformation of the originally relative flexible host, which is ideally suited... 

H. Y. N. Holman, M. C. Martin, E. A. Blakely, K. Bjornstad and W. R. McKinney, IR spectroscopic characteristics of a cell cycle and cell death probed by synchrotron radiation based Fourier transform IR spectro-microscopy. Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy), 2000, 57, 329-335. 

Catalytic events such as adsorption, breaking, or bond formation are related to the surface composition of the catalyst. Understanding the surface composition is fundamental to the comprehension of the catalytic system. This section will develop this aspect by considering (1) chemisorption studies and use of molecular probes, for example, in connection with the use of Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, (2) the role of hydrogen and H2S, and (3) the use of spectroscopic techniques for surface characterization. 

Most spectroscopical analysis is a data intensive process. A single sample scan across a wavelength region of interest can produce a two- or three-dimensional set of data containing 2000 or 3000 data points. A few dozen scans of that sample can yield a data set that was quite cumbersome to handle just a few years ago. It is essential to acknowledge that all forms of spectroscopy and spectrometry have been greatly enhanced by the development of personal computers. When Fourier transform IR spectrometers were first commercialized they filled a room. Today they can fit into a suitcase and be operated in the heart of the wilderness. To be sure, there are trade-offs to be made in instrument performance within these extremes, but computer miniaturization has played a significant part in this development. 

In recent times progress has been made in overcoming this problem by combining the power of Fourier Transform IR (FTIR) instruments, careful design of experiments, and powerful algorithms to process the spectroscopic data. It has been shown that with a data... 

D.J. Johnston, P.J. Stout, S.L. HUl, and K. Krishnan, Differential scanning calorimetry—fourier transform IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis—fourier transform IR spectroscopy to differentiate between very similar polymer materials, in T. Provder, M.W. Urban and H.G. Barth, eds.. Hyphenated Techniques in Polymer Characterization Thermal and Spectroscopic Methods, American Chemical Society Symposium Series, pp. 149-161,1994. 

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