Formulation process dispersions

A challenge faced by formulators designing dispersible tablets is the ability to develop a formulation that rapidly disintegrates and is able to withstand shipping processes. In addition, this type of tablet should form a uniform and somewhat stable suspension when dispersed in water. An interesting answer to... 

Injectable Dispersed Systems Formulation, Processing, and Performance, edited by Diane J. Burgess... 

The formulation of dispersed pigment concentrates is influenced by the manufacturing process, as well as the performance parameters desired in the final application. The finished product in many cases is significantly different in formulation than the concentrate to achieve desired properties. 

Stirring vessels. Upon the examination of different stirring operations it was indeed found that the intensively formulated process parameter P/V represented the pertinent scale-up criterion only if the stirring power has to be dissipated in the volume as evenly as possible (micro-mixing, isotropic turbulence). Examples of this are the dispersion of a gas in a liquid or the dispersion of immiscible liquids s. [22]. 

Micro-mixing is important in such stirring operations where the result depends upon the size of the smallest eddies, for example dispersion processes in liquid/liq-uid systems and shear damage to microorganisms. Therefore, it is not surprising that in such tasks it is the volume related power, P/V, that counts it is an intensively formulated process quantity. 

In our experience the fineness of the obtained emulsion is not a virtue in itself A key for a successful technical process is the stability of the obtained particle distribution at different amounts of energy used for the emulsification step, Thus, achieving a stable particle size distribution is key to control the other physical properties of the formulation (viscosity, dispersibility). 

Injectable Dispersed Systems Formulation, Processing and Performance... 

The hrst step in the process is for the modeling center to be notified of the event and provided with an initial description of the source. To formulate a dispersion model, the modeler needs the following information about the source ... 

Once the initial estimates have been delivered, updated information from the field may be used to formulate updated dispersion estimates. This process would be expected to continue as the response operation proceeds although in many cases the initial toxic effects may subside rapidly, the long-term effects of deposition and low-level exposure assume increasing importance as the event continues. The modeling operation would usually continue until a full postevent analysis can be completed, using updated or even actual meteorological data and the full postevent assessment of the characteristics of the source. 

Uses Dispersant, anti-incrustation agent, antiredeposition agent, slurry vise, modifier for water treatment, laundry and household detergents, agric., paints/coatings, l l cleaning formulations processing aid for de-... 

A catalyst layer typically contains at least a catalyst and one other component such as an ionomer for proton conductance. It is preferred that the two components mix together homogeneously so that the number of catalyst-electrolyte-reactant three-phase regions will be maximized. Their dispersion is mainly controlled by the catalyst ink formulation process where adequate sonication and agitation are normally appUed. 

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