Formic acid, cellulose ester

Formic acid, cellulose ester, I, 310 from inositol oxidation, III, 52 labelled with C1, III, 237 labelled with isotopic C, III, 231, 232 starch ester, I, 300 from sucrose, IV, 309 Formose, IV, 27... 

The solubility of high-nitrated cellulose (13.46% N) in a mixture of formic and acetic acid esters with ethyl alcohol was followed by T. Urbanski [51]. The author established that for a range of homologous esters of both acids, the capacity of dissolving nitrocellulose increased in proportion with the value of the dipole moment of the ester. According to T. Urbanski the sequence of formic acid esters corresponding with an increasing capacity to dissolve nitrocellulose is paralleled by the dipole moment values, as follows ... 

The formation of the A-oxide was avoided when trifluoroperacetic acid was reacted with the trifluoroacetate of acetyltropenol (67a, b). Recently it has been shown that hydrogen peroxide in formic acid gave a still better yield of epoxides without detectable A-oxides (67b). Acetylscopine (LXV) has been isolated as the picrate, (m.p. 212°) (67a), identical with the sample obtained from scopine (XLa) (75) hydrochloride by acetyl chloride (67a). The conversion of acetylscopine into ( ) scopolamine (LXV->XLb) has been realized (67b). Hydrolysis with A NaOH in acetone led to scopine (XLa), the hydrochloride of which was acylated, in turn, with acetyltropoyl chloride in nitrobenzene to acetylscopolamine besides a number of by-products. Separation was achieved using cellulose powder chromatography in butanol-A HCl. Acid hydrolysis of this ester with 2A HCl led to ( ) scopolamine hydrochloride (XLb) (67b) identical with the natural... 

Solubility Tests Fibers of cellulose esters (e.g., cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate) dissolve in acetone or chloroform, polyamide fibers dissolve in cone, formic acid, and polyacrylonitrile fibers dissolve in cold, cone, nitric acid and in boiling dimethylformamide. Polyester fibers are soluble in 1,2-dichlorobenzene or nitrobenzene, while wool dissolves in potassium hydroxide. Polyamide fibers can be differentiated by their different solubilities in 4.2 N hydrochloric acid polyamide 66 (nylon 66) is soluble upon heating, and polyamide 6 (nylon 6) dissolves at room temperature (4.2 N HCl is prepared as follows one carefully pours 35 ml of fuming (12.5 N) HCl into 65 ml of water). 

Simple triesters such as cellulose formate [9036-95-7] (6), cellulose propionate [9004-48-2] (8,17), and cellulose butyrate [9015-12-7] (18) have been prepared and their properties studied none of these triesters is produced in large quantities. Cellulose formate esters, prepared by reaction of cellulose with formic acid, are thermally (19) and hydrolytically (6) unstable. Cellulose propionate and cellulose butyrate triesters are synthesized by methods similar to those used in the preparation of cellulose acetate with propionic or butyric anhydride in the presence of... 

Acetic acid is both a reactant and solvent in the manufacture of cellulose acetate, polyester fibers, and plastics. Other products that utilize acetic acid as a reactant include vinyl acetate, ester solvents, dyes, metallic salts, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. Formic acid is used in textile dyeing and finishing, leather tanning and treatment, pharmaceuticals, and the synthesis of the versatile methyl formate solvent. n-Butanoic acid is used in the preparation of cellulose acetate butyrates used for lacquers and molding plastic compositions. The acid is also used for the production of useful coating ester solvents, plasticizers, and pharmaceuticals. 

Films of polyanihne/cellulose esters—such as acetate, propionate, acetate butyrate, and acetate hydrogen phthalate—prepared by casting solutions of N-methylpyrrolidone or formic acid were studied [145], and the effect of doping, induced by acids, on their spectral and electrochemical properties is analyzed. In this respect, the following aspects have been evidenced ... 

Production of levulinic acid from cellulose produces one mole of formic acid for every mole of levulinic acid produced on a stoichiometric basis. Large volume production of levulinic acid would yield large quantities of formic acid. We have found that AL and formic acid will react with olefins and water in the presence of acid catalysts to yield both formate and levulinate esters. All these products are attractive fuel additives. 

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