SEARCH Articles Figures Tables Bent-bond formalism Bonding and the X-ray Scattering Formalism Bonds formal charges Creating formal chemical bonds Formal Valence Bond Structures Hindered Rotation about Formal Single Bonds Restricted rotation, about formal double bonds Valence Bond Formalism Using an Effective Hamiltonian Valence Bond Formalism Using the Exact Hamiltonian Valence-bond formalism