Forest cloud

A couple more "warm" candidates probably go about here, including mirror or shadow neutrinos or majorons (ApOl, Sect. 12.5). These must have masses in excess of 0.25 - 0.4 keV or something bad will come down the chimney (probably reionization that smears out the Lyman alpha forest clouds). A 40 eV neutrino popped up in Ap97 (Sect. 12.2), and it was not clear how to avoid having so many of these that the universe would fold up into Pauli s pocket. (See Ap02 for generic objections to warm DM of any sort.)... 

Is there zero metallicity gas (or stars for that matter) in galaxies Pre-enrichment by an initial stellar Population III also provides a solution to the G-dwarf problem and to the origin of metals seen in Lya forest clouds. What is the composition of the huge gas reservoirs in the outer parts of spirals and irregulars ... 

A level of metal enrichment of 10-3 to 10 2 of solar in regions of the IGM with N(H I) > 1014 cm-2 may still be understood in terms of supernova driven winds from galaxies. The work of Aguirre et al. (2001) shows that such outflows which, as we shall shortly see ( 4.5) are observed directly in Lyman break galaxies at z = 3, may propagate out to radii of several hundred kpc before they stall. However, if O VI is also present in Lya forest clouds of lower column density, as claimed by Schaye et al. (2000), an origin in pregalactic stars at much earlier epochs is probably required (Madau, Ferrara, Rees 2001). 

Haida (BC, Canada) kayd gyaa ad ( tree blanket ) Ingredient in several different medicinal mixtures. Also called hlk inxa kwWawaay ( forest cloud ) or xil kwiuawaa ( cloud leaves ) (Turner 2004a)... 

Freshwater with less than 500 ppm (or 0.05%) dissolved soHds is generally considered to be potable. Rain is the source of freshwater, and its precipitation of >1.3 x 10 m /d over the earth s surface averages about 1.05 m (depth) per year. Extremes range from almost 2ero ia North Chile s desert borderiag the Pacific Coast to > 25.4 m ia some tropical forests and on some high slopes where the high, cold mountains condense floods from the clouds. 

Another family of feedbacks involving biota arise via the process of evapotranspiration in which the rate of water vapor is transferred from the land surface to the atmosphere is mediated by plants. Several consequences have been proposed that include influences of biota on the greenhouse effect of water vapor as well as relative humidity and clouds. Lovelock (1988) suggested that tropical forests might be kept cool by increasing cloud cover in response to higher relative humidity released through enhanced evapotranspiration (via the clouds influences on albedo). Yet another connection arises because tree-covered land has different turbulence properties above it than bare soil, which also influences the cloud cover above. 

If we let Ti be the predictive temperature that we have now, 255 K, we can quickly see what happens if A changes from Ai, to a new value A2. The current albedo of Earth is ca. 0.3, and current fractional cloud cover is ca. 0.5. Ice and snow cover are minimal and most of the Earth is oceans with Aocean 0.1. Forests have forests 0.1 so most of the noncloudy Earth has. A % 0.1. This gives an expression for average cloud albedo ... 

Challenger F, Simpson M (1948) Studies on biological methylation. Part 12. A precursor of the dimethyl sulphide evolved by Polysiphonia fastigiata. Dimethyl-2-carboxyethylsulphonium hydroxide and its salts. J Chem Soc 3 1591-1597 Charlson RJ, Lovelock JE, Andreae MO, Warren SG (1987) Oceanic phytoplankton, atmospheric sulphur, cloud albedo and climate. Nature 326 655-661 Coley PD, Aide T (1991) Comparison of herbivory and plant defenses in temperate and tropical broad-leaved forests. In Price P, Lewinsohn T, Fernandes G, Benson W (eds) Plant-animal interactions evolutionary ecology in tropical and temperate regions. Wileys, New York, pp 25 19... 

Saxena, V. K., and N.-H. Lin, Cloud Chemistiy Measurements and Estimates of Acidic Deposition on an Above Cloudbase Coniferous Forest, Atmos. Environ., 24A, 329-352 (1990). 

Licania pittieri Prance is a tree up to 15 meters high growing in the cloud forests at 1800 m in altitude. From the methanol extract of the leaves, collected in the Parque Nacional Henry Pittieri, oleanolic acid (1), ursolic acid (2), catechin (3), epicatechin (4), quercetin (5), and four glycosidic derivatives, quercetin 3-O-P-D-galactopyranoside (6), quercetin 3-O-P-D-glucopyranoside (7), quercetin 3-O-a-L-rhamnopyranoside (8), and quercetin 3-O-a-L-arabinopyranoside (9) were identified directly by comparing their spectroscopic data with those reported in the literature and/or authentic samples [see Fig. (1)] [5]. 

ECOLOGY On black soil in ravines close to primary or secondary cloud forest and tropical evergreen forest, 300-1800 m elevation flowering sporadically from September to May. 

Will Beifuss is the author of the Psychedelic Sourcebook, a resource guide to businesses of interest to the psychedelic community. Will makes his home in the cloud forests of the Pacific Northwest, and is an avid Salvia divinorum grower. His new book entitled Archetypes and Altered States is due out later this year. 

---