G-dwarf problem

B.E.J. Pagel The G-Dwarf Problem and Radio-Active Cosmochronology . In Evolutionary Phenomena in Galaxies, Summer School at Puerto de la Cruz, Spain, July i 15, 1988, ed. by J.E. Beckman, B.E.J. Pagel (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York 1989), pp. 201-223... 

The G-dwarf problem has inspired numerous attempts to devise more sophisticated GCE models, some of which may be more realistic than the Simple one. 

A great variety of solutions to the G-dwarf problem have been proposed, including the following ... 

Many discussions of the G-dwarf problem have been based on an influential paper by Pagel and Patchett (1975) which with hindsight could have been much... 

The first one is that of Fowler (1987), which is a Simple closed model with an initial production spike (see Section 8.4, item (iv), in relation to the G-dwarf problem ). In this model the net star formation rate is... 

Again, p — 1/3 gives a fair fit to Fig. 11.17. The mass-metallicity relation is associated with the decrease in gas fraction concomitant with the increasing mass, and the G-dwarf problem is neatly solved models of hierarchical structure formation make use of this and several other factors leading to rather similar effects to those of inflow discussed in Chapter 8 (Nagashima Okamoto 2006). 

Is there zero metallicity gas (or stars for that matter) in galaxies Pre-enrichment by an initial stellar Population III also provides a solution to the G-dwarf problem and to the origin of metals seen in Lya forest clouds. What is the composition of the huge gas reservoirs in the outer parts of spirals and irregulars ... 

The Simple Model predicts too many stars with metallicity lower than [Fe/H]= -1.0 dex relative to observations. This is known as G-DWARF PROBLEM . However, the G-dwarf is no more a problem since several solutions have been suggested. 

WHITE DWARF SEISMOLOGY INVERSE PROBLEM OF g-MODE OSCILLATIONS... 

White Dwarf Seismology Inverse Problem of g-Mode Oscillations... 

Prevent problems by planting the follow--.g improved cultivars Green Dwarf 36 , Emperor , and Mariner are black rot-toler-ani Premium Crop is resistant to Fusarium >ellows Citation , Emperor , Esquire , Green Duarf //36 , Hi-Caliber , and Mariner are tolerant of downy mildew and De Cicco is tolerant of flea beetles. 

The problem of evolution of stars to their explosion and subsequent interaction with the circumstellar medium has many time scales (ranging from tens of milliseconds to tens of thousands of years) and macroscopic length scales (from dimensions effectively that of a white dwarf to that of a supernova remnant, i.e from few thousand kilometers to many tens of light years). The physics of supernova explosions is complex and diverse and in many parts, the explosion mechanism is still an unsolved problem. Even the constraining parameters and ingredients which makes the SN explode are still controversial (see e.g. the discussion in [96]). It is possible that the identification of the key... 

---