For chromatography of sugars

Partridge, S.M., Aniline hydrogen phthalate as a spraying reagent for chromatography of sugars, Nature, 164, 443, 1949. 

Often used in the past for problematical compounds but with gradual improvement of reverse phases increasingly less used. Useful for chromatography of very lipophilic compounds such as in the separation of different classes of lipids and in the analysis of surfactants, which tend to form micelles under the conditions used for reverse-phase chromatography A moderately polar phase often used for the analysis of sugars and surfactants... 

Solvent systems used for thin layer chromatography were 1) n-butanol acetic acidiwater (4 1 5 upper phase), 2) acetic acid water (15 85), 3) ethyl acetate pyridine water (12 5 4), and 4) chloroform acetic acid water (50 45 5). Silica gel plates were used for chromatography of flavonoid aglycones and cellulose plates for all other components. Aluminum chloride was used for detection (under long UV light) of flavonoids, aniline phthalate for sugars, ninhydrin for amino acids and iodine for other components. Cellulose thick layer plates were developed with solvents 1 or 2. 

II. Adsorbents for the Column Chromatography of Sugars, Sugar Alcohols, and... 

Fig. 7.—A Series of Carbon Columns Arranged for Chromatography of Fairly Large Quantities of Sugars." -...

The acid is reduced by sugars and by ascorbic acid to a dye, and it can be used for microdetermination of sugar components of polysaccharide hydrolyzates after separation by paper chromatography. ... 

For the paper chromatography of sugar sulfates, many of the solvent systems used for sugars have been tried, with varied success. Systems containing pyridine generally cause streaking of sulfates and are of little use. Neutral and acidic solvents will often give separations, but the R / values... 

Solvent Systems Used for Paper Chromatography of Sugar Sulfates... 

The adsorptive properties of silica gel can be modified by incorporating substances such as bases or buffers, thus enabling gels with accurately defined pH values to be prepared. Admixtures of silica gel with sodium bisulphite and sodium acetate prove useful for the chromatography of sugars giving distinctive Rf ranges. 

B. Arwidi and O. Samuelson, Partition chromatography of sugars on ion-exchange resins, Sven. Kem. Tidskr., 1965, 77, 84-90 L.-I. Larsson and O. Samuelson, An automated procedure for separation of monosaccharides on ion exchange resins, Acta Chem. Scand., 1965, 19, 1357-1364. 

As in the case of HILIC, the use of polymeric supports for RPC can be advantageous. A vinyl alcohol co-polymer carrying bonded Cig chains has been successfully used in chromatography of sugars and oligosaccharides in aqueous media, the formation of double peaks due to anomerization being prevented by addition of sodium hydroxide to the mobile phase (to pH 11). Silica-based supports are not stable imder such conditions. 

Forsyth, W. G. 1948. Colour reagents for the paper chromatography of sugars. Nature 161, 239. 

Adachi [9] examined silica gel G impregnated with 0.1 M sodium bisulfite as an adsorbent for thin-layer chromatography of sugars (Table 198) and has reported hi /-values for the sugars, including various ketoses, in several solvent systems. 

Paper and Partition Chromatography.- Ternary solvent combinations have been re-examined for the paper chromatography of sugars, with rhamnose, arabinose and galactose being used as probes. A useful mixture (EtOAc-EtOH-HaO) was promoted. ... 

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