Food mutagens

Heterocyclic N-oxygenated compounds derived from food mutagens... 

Sugimura T, Nagao M, Wakabayashi K. 1996. Carcinogenicity of food mutagens. Environ Health Perspect 104(Suppl 3) 429-433. 

Residue levels of carbon tetrachloride in foods. Mutagenicity of food samples. 

Figure 2. Structures of some known carcinogens and food mutagens.

M. J. Barnes and J. H. Weisburger, In vitro binding of the food mutagen 2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline to dietary fiber,./. Natl. Cancer Inst., 1983, 70, 757-760. 

K. Skog, A. Eneroth, and M. Svanberg, Effect of different cooking methods on the formation of food mutagens in meat, Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 2003, 38, 313-323. 

CYP1A2 Silent base More inducible Caffeine, activates food mutagens Uncertain... 

Krul, C. A. M., Luiten-Schuite, A., Baan, R., Verhagen, H., Mohn, G., Feron, V., and Havenaar, R. (2000), Application of a dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal tract model to study the availability of food mutagens, using heterocyclic aromatic amines as model compounds, Food Chem. Toxicol., 38,783-792. 

METABOLIC ACTIVATION AND FORMATION OF DNA ADDUCTS BY FOOD MUTAGENS AND CARCINOGENS... 

Adamson, R.H. et al., Induction of hepatocellular carcinoma in nonhuman primates by the food mutagen 2-amino-3-methylimidazo-[4,5-/ quinoline, Environ. Health Perspect., 102, 190, 1994. 

Paulsen, J.E. et al., Neonatal exposure to the food mutagen 2-amino-1 -methyl-6-phenylimid-azo[4,5-fc]pyridine via breast milk or directly induces intestinal tumors in multiple intestinal neoplasia mice, Carcinogenesis, 20, 1277, 1999. 

Aromatic Amines and Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines From Tobacco Smoke to Food Mutagens... 

DNA adducts of heterocyclic amine food mutagens implications for mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis, 20, 353-368. 

Lewis, A.)., Walle, U.K., King, R.S., Kadlubar, F.F., Falany, C.N., and Walle, T. (1998) Bioadivation of the cooked food mutagen N-hydroxy-2-amino-l-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-i>] pyridine by estrogen sulfotransferase in cultured human mammary epithelial cells. Carcinogenesis, 19, 2049-2053. 

C. E., Stover, J.S., Rizzo, C.J., and Stone, M.P. (2006) Base-displaced intercalated structure of the food mutagen 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5 /] quinoline in the recognition sequence of the Narl restriction enzyme, a hotspot for -2 bp deletions. J. Am. 

Of course, in 1971 when Patterson et al. offered this suggestion, the presence in amino acid pyrolysates of the so-called cooked food mutagens and the inordinately high mutagenicity of several of them were unknown. 

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