Marine organisms food additives

Although there have been only very few studies about arsenic speciation in organs, from the numerous procedures published for speciation of arsenic in food and marine organisms additionally some examples will be given here in order to provide an introduction to the sample preparation techniques also applicable to solid samples of human origin. 

Rich sources of vitamin A include dairy products such as milk cheese, butter, and ice cream. Eggs as well as internal organs such as the Hver, kidney, and heart also represent good sources. In addition, fish such as herring, sardines, and tuna, and in particular the Hver oil from certain marine organisms, are excellent sources. Because the vitamin A in these food products is derived from dietary carotenoids, vitamin A content can vary considerably. Variation of vitamin A content in food can also result from food processing and in particular, oxidation processes (8). 

In addition, for substances with low water solubility and high lipophilicity the risks to be considered are those associated with potential to bioconcentrate in marine organisms, to partition to sediment and to biomagnify in the food chain. 

Most of the water on Earth s surfece is in the ocean relatively little is present in the atmosphere or on land. Because of its chemical and physical properties, this water has had a great influence on the continuing biogeochemical evolution of our planet. Most notably, water is an excellent solvent. As such, the oceans contain at least a little bit of almost every substance present on this planet. Reaction probability is enhanced if the reactants are in dissolved fitrm as compared with their gaseous or solid phases. Many of the chemical changes that occur in seawater and the sediments are mediated by marine organisms. In some cases, marine organisms have developed unique biosynthetic pathways to help them survive the environmental conditions fitimd only in the oceans. Some of their metabolic products have proven useful to humans as pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, food additives, and cosmeceuticals. 

In addition to serving as the major food source to heterotrophic bacteria, DOM plays an important ecological role in enabling marine organisms to control various aspects of their environment including trophic interrelationships. This is accomplished by the secretion or exudation of specific molecules, called secondary metabolites. These are generally LMW compounds that tend to be species specific in their source and targets. Some act as toxins that repel or kill competitors or predators. As noted earlier, some diatoms... 

---