Foeniculum vulgare Fenchone, Fennel

Foeniculum vulgare Hill (Fennel) Fruits SD 4.0 anethole, fenchone 33,34... 

The two enantiomers of fenchone occur in a number of essential oils. Optically pure (15) (-f)-fenchone has been detected in bitter fennel oil Foeniculum vulgare var. vulgare) and in sweet fennel oil F. vulgare var. dulce) from various sources.It has also been reported to exist in... 

Bitter fennel Foeniculum vulgare MU , subsp. vulgare var. vulgare ( )-Anethole (55-75), fenchone (12-26), limonene (1-5)... 

Fennel Foeniculum vulgare (Umbelliferae/ Apiaceae) ripe fruit 2-5 anethole (50-70) fenchone (10-20) estragole (3-20) flavour, carminative, aromatherapy... 

Croteau, R., Felton, M. and Ronald, R.C. (1980a) Biosynthesis of monoterpenes conversion of the acyclic precursors geranyl pyrophosphate and neryl pyrophosphate to the rearranged monoterpenes fenchol and fenchone by a soluble enzyme preparation from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 200(2), 524-533. 

Cyclopentane bicyclic monoterpenoids that occur in the plant kingdom belong to three major skeletal types camphane, iso-camphane, and fenchane (Fig. 7). Camphane-type terpenoid alcohols, (+)-bomeol (Gl) and (—)-isobomeol (G2), have been isolated from Cinnamomum camphora (Lauraceae) and Achillea filipendulina (Asteraceae). A ketone derived from these, (-h)-camphor (G3), is found in the camphor tree Cinnamomum camphora) and in the leaves of rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis) and sage Salvia officinalis, Labiatae). Camphene (G4) and its enantiomer with the isocamphane carbon skeleton are known to occur in the oils of citronella and turpentine. Fenchane-type bicyclic cyclopentane monoterpenoids are commonly found in plants as their ketone derivatives. (—)-Fenchone (G5) occurs in the tree of life Thuja occidentalis, Cupres-saceae). Its enantiomer, (+)-fenchone (G6), has been isolated from the oil of fennel Foeniculum vulgare, Umbelliferae). 

Fennel Oil (Foeniculum vulgare) You can check out Table II in the Anethole section for a good composite of bitter and sweet fennel oils. An even better reference can be seen Table XIX which is the consolidated data of a global survey of fennel seed oil with the sole objectives for quantification being the fenchone, anethole and methyl chavicol contents [2, vol. V,p. 133]. 

Oil of Fennel. Volatile oil from the dried fruit of Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Umbelliferae. Also from the sweet fennel plant (var. duke). Constit 50-60% anethole, —20% fenchone, pinene, limonene. dipentene, phellandrene. 

Fenchane derivatives occur as fenchones and fenchols in several ethereal oils. Oil of fennel, obtained from the dried fruit of Foeniculum vulgare (Umbelliferae), contains up to 20 % (+)-fenchone, and is associated with limonene, phellandrene and a-pinene. (-)-Fenchone is isolated from the tree of life Thuja occidentalis (Cu-pressaceae), which is cultivated as hedges. The dextrorotatory enantiomer of a-fenchol with an endo OH, requested in perfumery, as well as its stereoisomers are found in fresh lemon juice, in oil of turpentine obtained from Pinus palustris (Pina-ceae), in ethereal oils originating from the Lawson white cedar Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (Cupressaceae) and other plant families such as Ferula, Juniperus, and Clausena species... 

The ketone fenchone and the alcohols a-fenchol (endo) and /8-fenchol (exo) constitute the fenchane family of bicyclic monoterpenes. Fenchanes are of rather limited distribution in the plant kingdom, and interest in this group of compounds stems primarily from the fact that their carbon skeleton appears to be derived by rearrangement of a pinane-type intermediate (Fig. 5). (-l-)-Fenchone is one of the m or terpenoids of the volatile oil of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), and soluble enzyme preparations from fennel leaves convert GPP and NPP to fenchol in the presence of Mn and, in the pres-... 

Foeniculum officinale All. F vulgare Mill. Xiao Hui Xiang (Fennel) (fruit) Anethol, d-fenchone, anisaldehyde, methylchavicol.33 Restore normal functioning of the stomach. 

In summary, Foeniculum is stated to have three species, F. vulgare (fennel), F. azoricum Mill. (Florence fennel) and F. dulce (sweet fennel). Fennel is widely cultivated, both in its native habitat and elsewhere, for its edible, strongly flavoured leaves and seeds. The flavour is similar to, but milder than, that of anise and star anise. Anethole and fenchone are the major constituents of the solvent extract of seed phenols, free fatty acids, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals have been reported in varying proportions. In the mature fruit, up to 95% of the essential oil is located in the fruit, greater amounts being found in the fully ripe fruit. Approximately 45 constituents have been determined from fennel seed oil, the main constituents being frans-anethole, fenchone, estragol (methyl chavicol), limonene, camphene, a-pinene and other monoterpenes, fenchyl alcohol and... 

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