Foaming power, effect

The use of high concentrations of vanillin in soap perfumery can cause discoloring effects over time, dark or black spots appear on the soap and foaming power is reduced. In some cases, however, the use of Rhodiarome ethylvanillin is possible, because ethylvanillin [121 -32-4] does not cause the same discoloration problems and, being at least three times more powerful than vanillin, can be used alone. Some surprising cases show that with oak or tree mosses and large amounts of methyl ionones, the soap perfume may look fine and have a low discoloration, and yet over time vanillin crystals can appear on the soap itself. 

All this reveals that in order to explain the principle difference between foams of high and low stability, other more powerful factors should be involved. The latter enhance the formation of highly stable foams (in effect, with unlimited stability) with respect to coalescence. 

Oka, H., Iwaya, M., Harada, K.-L, Muarata, H., Suzuki, M., Ikai, Y, Hayakawa, J., and Ito, Y, Effect of foaming power and foam stability on continuoius concentration with faom countercurrent chromatography,/. Chromatogr. A 791 53 (1997). 

The foaming properties of protein derivatives are also important features for their use in shampoos. They enable formulators to reduce the level of active surfactants in shampoos without reducing overall foaming power. This becomes of great importance in the formulation of low-active, frequent-use type shampoos where overall foaming effects can still be maintained at low-active levels, minimizing skin and eye irritation. 

Anionic surfactants. They are usually the basic components of shampoos due to their high detergency and good foaming power moreover they are effective at neutral or... 

Considering the relatively small, controlled amount of com-husfihles in an LWR, it is surprising Jiiit fiiL S at nuclear power plants. should be important. The first incident to attract attention was the fire in the San Onofre cable trays (FRPJ). This was followed by spontiiiieous combustion of uncured polyurethane foam in the cable seals at Peach Bottom 1 (1971). The incident at Browns Ferry in 1975 was similar, except that a candle ignited the polyurethane foam. These events showed the effectiveness of fire as an initiator of multiple system failures -... 

Schulze [51] described an extensive study on C12-C14 ether carboxylic acid sodium salt (4.5 mol EO) in terms of surface tension, critical micelle concentration (CMC), wetting, detergency, foam, hardness stability, and lime soap dispersing properties. He found good detergent effect compared to the etho-xylated C16-C18 fatty alcohol (25 mol EO) independent of CaCl2 concentration, there was excellent soil suspending power, low surface tension, and fewer Ca deposits than with alkylbenzenesulfonate. 

Effects of Increasing Sinian Crude GOR. Following the installation of the foam monitoring equipment and emergency trip systems, the Ninian crude GOR was increased to 47 scf/bbl (8.5 std mJ/mJ]. The flow of HP separator gas to the power station was maintained while LP separator gas continued to be flared. 

Ten aspects of the Maillard reaction will be considered in this chapter the effect on a,, on pH, on redox potential, on solubility, on texture, on foamability and foam stability, on emulsifying power, on volatile formation on storage, on binding of volatiles, and on other functionalities. The third of these has received by far the most attention and this is reflected here. 

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