Flux effect

An interesting case of ash attack is encountered with valves in engines powered by high octane fuels containing lead compounds. These compounds are deposited from the gases as mixtures of lead oxide, sulphate and bromide, and can cause serious scale-fluxing effects with high-alloy valve steels. 

A lower max response at resonance was noted for poly butadiene-acrylic acid-containing pro-pints compared with polyurethane-containing opaque proplnts. Comparison of the measured response functions with predictions of theoretical models, which were modified to consider radiant-heat flux effects for translucent proplnts rather than pressure perturbations, suggest general agreement between theory and expt. The technique is suggested for study of the effects of proplnt-formulation variations on solid-proplnt combustion dynamics... 

Measurement based on heat flux effects This approach uses local probing devices such as hot-wire anemometers and microthermocouples. The hot-wire anemometer can be either a constant-temperature system or a constant-heat-flux system. Because of the difference in heat transfer between the exposed fluid (liquid or gas)... 

The equation for the mass flux effect, AF, has been obtained by correlating the measured friction multiplier values by means of regression analyses (Fig. 3.52). It is assumed that the two-phase friction loss in the channel is essentially unchanged by the presence of spacers. However, the increase in total pressure drop is determined by its presence in rod bundles (Janssen, 1962). 

Inverse mass flux effects. Critical heat fluxes at three different mass fluxes obtained on uniformly heated test sections at Argonne National Laboratory (Weatherhead, 1962) are plotted in Figures 5.44 and 5.45. The crossing over of the curves in Figure 5.44 is generally referred to as the inverse mass flux effect, in a... 

Figure 5.44 Mass flux effect on critical heat flux (local condition concept). (From Weatherhead,...

Figure 5.45 Mass flux effect on critical heat flux (system parameter concept) (based on same data as Fig. 5.44). (From Weatherhead, 1962. Reprinted with permission of U.S. Department of Energy, subject to disclaimer of liability for inaccuracy and lack of usefulness printed in the cited reference.)... 

McNay EC, Gold PE. 1999. Extracellular glucose concentrations in the rat hippocampus measured by zero-net-flux effects of microdialysis flow rate, strain, and age. J Neurochem 72(2) 785-790. 

Flux effect for different implant temperatures schematic... 

Figure 4.2 Schematic illustration of the flux effect at four different implant temperatures for a constant fluence.

The external heat flux (q"x) from the cone heater does not exclusively determine the heat flux important for samples pyrolysis in the cone calorimeter, since the reradiation from the hot sample surface (q"eTad), the loss by thermal conductivity into the specimen and the surroundings ( I SS), and the heat flux from the flame (q Lmt) are also of the same order of magnitude.82 85 Thus, the heat flux effective with respect to pyrolysis during a cone calorimeter run (qeii) is the result of the external heat flux and the material s response (qeB = q L + < L - gCad - qLs). 

Bishop, J.K.B., 1989. Regional extremes in particulate matter composition and flux Effects on the Chemistry of the ocean interior.- In Berger, W.H., Smetacek, V. and Wefer, G. (eds.) Productivity of the ocean present and past.- Dahlem Konferenzen, John Wiley, Chichester, 117-137. 

Effect of organic aggregation on flux Effect of MWCO on fouling and rejection mechanism Importance of solute-solute interactions on deposit morphology Influence of solute-solute interactions on gel layer formation Concentration polarisation effects for dilute surface water systems... 

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