Flury

The simpler substance apoharmine according to Flury causes increased reflex excitability in the dog. In the frog it produces a like effect which with larger doses goes on to tetanus. Esterification of harmol with methylcarbamic acid induces affinities with the physostigmine type of drug. ... 

Bogdanov, S., Charriere, J. D., Imdorf, A., Kilchenmann, V., and Fluri, P. (2002). Determination of residues in honey after treatments with formic and oxalic acid under field conditions. Apidologie 33, 399-409. 

Flury B (1988) Common principal components and related multivariate models. Wiley, New York... 

Page, A.P., Rudin, W., Fluri, E., Blaxter, M.L. and Maizels, R.M. (1992b) Toxocara canis. a labile antigenic coat overlying the epicuticle of infective larvae. Experimental Parasitology 75, 72-86. 

Foroud T, Edenberg HJ, Goate A, Rice J, Flury L, Roller DL, Bierut LJ, Con-NEALLY PM, NuRNBERGER JI Jr.,... 

Nurnberger JI Jr, Foroud T, Flury L, Su J, Meyer ET, Hu K, Crowe R, Edenberg H, Goate A, Bierut L, Reich T, Schuckit M, Reich W. Evidence for a locus on chromosome 1 that influences vulnerability to alcoholism and affective disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2001 158 718-724. 

D.J. Harrison, K. Fluri, N. Chiem, T. Tang, and Z. Fan, Micromachinng chemical and biochemical analysis and reaction systems on glass substrates. Proceedings Transducers (Stockholm, Sweden) 752— 755 (1995). 

Z Liang, N Chiem, G Ocvirk, T Tang, K Fluri, DJ Harrison. Anal Chem 68 1040-1046, 1996. 

Two papers cited older data. However, symptoms at specific concentrations were not defined in the summary papers and details of the studies were not available. Flury and Zernik (1931) cited the following human data a concentration of approximately 130 ppm was tolerated for 1/2 to 1 h without immediate or late sequalae and a concentration of40-53 ppm was tolerated for 6 h without... 

Flury, F. and F.Zemik. 1931. Aniline. In Noxious Gases—Vapors, Mist, Smoke, and Dust Particles. Berlin Springer-Verlag. 

Flury and Zemik (1931) also reported no immediate or delayed effects in a human exposed at 6.25 ppm for 30-60 min. 

Delayed lethality (3 d post-exposure) in a monkey exposed to arsine at approximately 190,000 ppm for 1 h was reported by Joachimoglu (1924) (as cited in Flury and Zernik 1931). Four hours after the exposure, the monkey was vomiting and hematuria was evident. 

Dubitski (1911) (as cited in Flury and Zernik 1931) provided data on the acute lethality of arsine in cats, noting the following for 1-h exposures no observable signs of toxicity following exposure to 43-50 ppm, sick with recovery following exposure to 50-100 ppm, and death (12 10 h post-exposure) following exposure to 120-290 ppm. 

For comparative purposes, AEGL-1 values were initially derived using two data sets (Blair et al. 1990a Flury and Zemick 1931). These included a 6-h NOAEL of 0.5 ppm for mice (Blair et al. 1990a) and the estimated 1-h NOAEL of 6.25 ppm for humans reported by Flury and Zemik (1931). 

Several reports identified nonlethal effects in humans acutely exposed to arsine. These reports, however, lacked definitive exposure data but verified hematologic disorders leading to renal failure as critical effects of arsine exposure. Bulmer et al. (1940) (as cited in Elkins 1959) reconstructed an exposure incident at a gold extraction facility and estimated that subchronic (up to 8 mon) exposure to 0.12 ppm arsine resulted in jaundice and anemia (see Section 2.2.1). The lack of definitive exposure data for humans necessitates the use of animal data for quantitative estimation of AEGL values. Derivation of AEGL-2 values based upon limited human data (Flury and Zernik 1931) was considered but rejected because the data were poorly documented and inconsistent with other data showing lethality at lower cumulative exposures. 

The NIOSH immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH) value (NIOSH 1994) is greater than the 30-min AEGL-3. NIOSH based their recommended exposure limit (REL) on the statement by Flury and Zernik (1931) that 45-54 ppm could be tolerated by man for 0.5 to 1 h without immediate or late effects. Although the Flury and Zernik (1931) data are based on animal studies, NIOSH did not apply a UF. 

Flury, F. and F.Zernik. 1931. Schadliche gase dampfe, nebel, rauch- und staubarten. Berlin, Germany Verlag von Julius Springer. 

Zbinden, G. and Flury-Roversi, M. (1981). Significance of the LD50 Test for the toxicological evaluation of chemical substances. Arch. Toxicol. 47 77-99. 

Flury, B., Riedwyl, H. Multivariate Statistics A Practical Approach. Chapman Hall, Boca Raton, FL, 1988. 

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