Fluorocarbons 11 and

McCarthy, R. L., Bower, F. A. and Jesson, J. P., 1977 The fluorocarbon-ozone theory-I. Production and release. World production and release of CCIjF and CC12F2 (fluorocarbons 11 and 12) through 1975. Atmospheric Environment 11, 491-497. 

Zafonte, L., N. E. Hester, E. R. Stephens, and O. C. Taylor (1975). Background and vertical atmospheric measurements of fluorocarbon-11 and fluorocarbon-12 over Southern California. Atmos. Environ. 9, 1007-1009. 

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry of Fluorocarbons 11 and 12 in Biologic Specimens... 

Unsaturated fluorocarbons are much more reactive toward nucleophiles than then hydrocarbon counterparts owing to fluorme s ability to both stabihze carban ions and mductively increase the electrophihcity of multiple bonds and aromatic nngs Nucleophihc attack dominates the chemistry of unsaturated fluorocarbons, and the role of fluonde ion in fluorocarbon chemistry is analogous to that of the proton in hydrocarbon chemistry [129] Like the related electrophilic reactions for hydrocarbons, there are fluonde-promoted isomenzations and dimenzations (equation 9), oligomenzations (equation 10), additions (equation 11), and amomc Fnedel-Crafts alkylations (equation 12) that all proceed via carbamomc intermediates [729 7 7]... 

A C60 derivative with an attached fluorinated chain gave a limiting area of 0.78 nm molecule [266]. It was reported that this film was so mechanically rigid that it pushed the Wilhehny plate out of the water at 11 14 mN m The monolayer spreading of this compound arises from the even greater hydrophobicity of the fluorocarbon chains and their orientation away from the water surface. The LB films with a fluorinated tetrathiafulvalene derivative did not show evidence of charge transfer in their UV spectra. 

Long-range effects of having less ozone in the stratosphere involve greater ultraviolet sunlight transmission, alteration of weather, and an increased risk of skin cancer. The ozone depletion potential for CFCs and other fluorocarbons have been measured and are given below relative to CFC-11 and -12. Notice that the HCFCs with lower chlorine content have lower depletion potentials than the CFCs, and the one HFC studied shows no depletion potential because it contains no chlorine. 

Tetrachloroethylene is also an intermediate in the synthesis of the trichlorotrifluoro-, dichlorotetrafluoro-and chloropentafluoroethanes (fluorocarbons, 113, 11. and 115, resp.). 

Dyotropic Rearrangements and Related cr-o- Exchange Processes, 16, 33 Electronic Effects in Metallocenes and Certain Related Systems, 10, 79 Electronic Structure of Alkali Metal Adducts of Aromatic Hydrocarbons, 2, 115 Electron-Transfer Reactions of Mononuclear Organotransition Metal Complexes, 23, I Electron-Transfer Reactions of Polynuclear Organotransition Metal Complexes, 24, 87 Fast Exchange Reactions of Group 1, 11, and 111 Organometallic Compounds, 8, 167 Fischer-Tropsch Reaction, 17, 61 Fluorocarbon Derivatives of Metals, 1, 143... 

C.M.A., World production and release of chlorofluorocarbons 11 and 12 through 1980. Fluorocarbon Program Panel, Chemical Manufacturers Association, August 12, 1981. 

Rowland F.S. and Molina M.J., Estimated future atmospheric concentrations of CCljc (Fluorocarbon-11) for various hypothetical tropospheric removal rates. J. Phys. Chem. , 80, 2049-2056 (1976). 

The reactions observed for the dimer complex adsorbed in a Nafion film coated on an ITO electrode at different pH by in situ absorption spectral measurements are summarized as shown in Fig. 11. At higher positive potentials and at potentiostatic conditions, a band at around 450 nm was observed indicating the formation of H20-Ru "-Ru -OH2 at acidic conditions and formation of H20-Ru" "-Ru -OH at basic conditions in addition to the absorbance at 655 nm. This shows that during the catalytic water oxidation process, the diaquo dimer complex exists as an intermediate. In a Nafion polymer membrane, the metal complex is isolated and experiences a micro-heterogeneous environment imposed by hydrophobic fluorocarbon moiety and... 

The gaseous phase of PUR foams is considered to consist only of air although it contains 30% of fluorocarbon-11. However, this does not affect the general conclusion. Indeed, if the proposed mechanism is correct, the condensation of fluorocarbon vapor ould result in an abrupt change in the shape of the X = f (T) curve. The resultant peak is observed in the region of 270—300 K corresponding to the condensation and freezing temperatures of fluorocarbon-11 (Fig. 15). 

The propellants used were some years agochloro-fluorocarbons (CFCs) (11 and 12) in various proportions (65 35 or 50 50). The manufacturing process includes the suspension formation in liquid propellant 11 in a cooled and hermetically closed mixer containing drug and lubricants. This mixture is introduced in the cans that are closed by a special powder valve, and propellant 12 was then injected through the valve. The upper part of the valve has often a special aperture through which a gaseous phase cleans the valve as well as the actuator. 

In many applications, fluorocarbons are used because of their superior thermodynamic properties. Such is the case with polyurethane and polystyrene insulating foams. Two main fluorocarbons used for foams are chlorofluorocarbon 11 and chlorofluorocarbon 12. 

Rasmussen, R. A., and M. A. K. Khalil (1981b). Inter-laboratory comparison of fluorocarbons, -11, -12, Methyl chloroform and nitrous oxide measurements. Atmos. Environ. 15, 1559-1568. 

FLUOROCARBON 11 (75-69-4) Reacts violently with barium, alkali amides, alkali metals, metal powders, sodium, and potassium, molten aluminum or magnesium. Undergoes thermal decomposition when exposed to red-hot surfaces or fire, forming chlorine, hydrogen fluoride or chloride, phosgene, and carbonyl fluoride. Contact with water causes slow decomposition. Attacks some plastics, rubber, and coatings. Attacks aluminum, copper, magnesium, tin, zinc. 

The so-called cryptophanes which are structurally related to 10 have shown to be capable of complexing stable molecules like methane or various fluorocarbons [9] and the number of fullerenes with a content - helium, neon, numerous metal ions [10,11] is rapidly increasing. 

On the other hand, Pd catalysts were used, with good results, for the partial dehalogenation of chloro-fluorocarbons to hydro fluorocarbons [9-11], and of chlorobenzenes [12], but at present there are few studies on chlorinated aliphatic substrates like CCI4. 

Saturated Fluorocarbons, Fluorocarbon Hydrides, and Fluorocarbon Halides 11... 

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