Fluorine-tin-oxide

Figure 8.2 FESEM image of the polyfluorene deposited on the carboxy-SWNTs/ fluorine-tin-oxide electrode. Reproduced with permission from Valentini...

Figure 8.6 The dip-coating deposition of C-SWCNT solutions on fluorine doped tin oxide (a) A schematic outline of the dip-coating procedure that was used to assemble carboxy-SWNTs. (b) FESEM image of carboxy-SWNTs deposited on to neat fluorine-tin-oxide sample from acetonitrile solution by vertically dip-coating the neat fluorine-tin-oxide in carboxy-SWNT dispersion with a pulling speed of 0.05 mm min (the arrow indicates the pulling direction). Reproduced with permission from Valentini et al ...

An important breakthrough in cobalt-based water oxidation was achieved by Nocera and coworkers in 2008. They reported the in situ electrodeposition (on ITO or fluorine tin oxide - FTO - electrodes) of a catalytic film from a neutral aqueous solution of Co(II) and phosphate ions, upon the application of positive potentials (1.05-1.30 V V5. NHE). The deposited layer is composed by Co(III) phosphates, hydroxides and oxides, with Co P ratio of ca. 2 1 and a structural motif based on edge sharing CoOg octahedra (Fig. 5). Self-healing of the film is also possible in the presence of proton accepting electrolytes. ... 

The LED top electrode (usually deposited directly onto porous silicon), also the optical window for EL output, is also a source of stabiUty concerns. Most devices use either ultrathin gold (a few nanometer thick in order to have a reasonable transparency to visible light) or indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. ITO shows better stabiUty than gold (Simons et al. 1997), in particular due to better air permeabiUty and better mechanical stabUity (ITO electrodes can be much thicker than gold ones). Fluorinated tin oxide electrodes exhibited much better stability (three orders of magnitude in... 

CVD, the other major deposition process, is used on a large scale. A typical low-E glass is obtained by depositing a thin film of silicon dioxide followed by another thin film of fluorine-doped tin oxide. The Si02 acts as a diffusion barrier and the Sn02 reduces the emissivity. A typical CVD apparatus is shown in Fig. 

Figure 10.17. (a) Schematic diagram of the nanowire dye-sensitized solar cell. Light is incident through the bottom electrode, (b) SEM cross section of a solution-fabricated ZnO nanowire array on fluorine-doped tin oxide. The wires are in direct contact with the substrate. Scale bar, 5 pm. Reproduced from Ref. 41, Copyright 2005, with permission from the Nature Publishing Group. 

To detail DSSC technologies, Fig. 18.1 illustrates the modus operandi of DSSCs. Initially, light is absorbed by a dye, which is anchored to the surface of either n- or p-type semiconductor mesoporous electrodes. Importantly, the possibility of integrating both types of electrodes into single DSSCs has evoked the potential of developing tandem DSSCs, which feature better overall device performances compared to just n-or p-type based DSSCs [19-26]. Briefly, n-type DSSCs, such as TiOz or ZnO mesoporous films, are deposited on top of indium-tin oxide (ITO) or fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates and constitute the photoanodes. Here, charge separation takes place at the dye/electrode interface by means of electron injection from the photoexcited dye into the conduction band (cb) of the semiconductor [27,28]. A different mechanism governs p-type DSSCs, which are mainly based on NiO electrodes on ITO and/or FTO substrates... 

Substrates DME = dropping mercury electrode FTO = fluorine-doped tin oxide G = graphite GC = glassy carbon GrC = graphic carbon ITO = indium tin oxide-coated glass SC = single crystals SS = stainless steel TCO = transparent conducting oxide VC = vitrious carbon. Miscellaneous ECALE = electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy ED = electrodeposition ML = monolayer RT = room temperature SMD = sequential monolayer deposition V = vacuum. 

Usually the nanotube arrays have been made from a titanium thick film or foil, in which case the resulting nanotubes rest upon an underlying Ti substrate as separated by a barrier layer. The nanotube arrays have also been fabricated from a titanium thin film sputtered onto a variety of substrates, such as silicon and fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated conductive glass. This extends the possibility for preparing technical catalysts by deposing a thin Ti layer over a substrate (a foam, for example) and then inducing the formation of the nanostructured titania film by anodic oxidation. ... 

Examples of the application of solid state electrochemistry to identifying dyes in textile samples can be provided. Thus, Fig. 2.17 compares the square wave voltam-mograms of (a) saffron blank, and (b) sample from a Tibet temple, attached to fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrodes immersed into acetate buffer. After initiating the potential scan at -0.85 V in the positive direction, two separated oxidation... 

FTO — Usual acronym for fluorine-doped tin oxide . Tin oxide is a -> semiconductor transparent to light in the visible range of the spectrum and fluorine doping is... 

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