Fluorescence confocal laser scanning

Penetration, silver fir (Abies alba. Mill.), urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesive, degree of condensation, epi-fluorescence microscopy, fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)... 

The extent of lumen penetration into earlywood, latewood and wood rays is preferably determined by examination of the cross section of the bondline, and many techniques have been successfully used for this purpose light microscopy [29, 30], transmitted and reflected microscopy [31-33], (epi-)fluorescence microscopy [2, 10, 26, 31, 34-40], fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) [34, 41 5], scanning electron microscopy (SEM) [32, 46 8], transmission electron microscopy (TEM) [49-52], SEM in combination with an energy-dispersive analyzer for X-rays (SEM/EDAX) [43, 53], X-ray microscopy [54], autoradiography [11] or combination of different microscopy techniques [55]. Kamke... 

The average depth of radial penetration of urea-formaldehyde adhesive resins into beech tissue decreases with higher degree of condensation of these resins. Penetration hence depends on the ratio between the average anatomical diameters of tra-cheids and vessels and the average size of the adhesive molecules. Epi-fluorescence microscopy, fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used for the determination of adhesive penetration into wood tissue. 

Rudd, N. C., Cannan, S., Bitziou, E., Ciani, I., Whitworth, A. L., Unwin, P. R. Fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy as a probe of pH gradients in electrode reactions and surface activity. Anal. 

McConnell, G. (2004). Confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy with a visible continuum source. Opt. Express 12, 2844—50. 

Fig. 10 Confocal laser scanning microscope images of islets with urokinase (UK) immobilized on the membrane. The green fluorescence indicates positive immunostaining for UK. (a) Islets were modified with oligo(dT)2o-PEG-lipid (C16) or (b) oligo(dT)2o-PEG-lipid (C18) then, oligo (dA)2o-UK was added to the media, (c) Unmodified islets with (left) and without (right) oligo (dT)20-PEG-lipids added to the solution. Insets. Bright field images. Scale bars 100 pm...

Quader H. Formation and disintegration of cistemae of the endoplasmic reticulum visuahsed in hve cells by conventional fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy evidence for the involvement of Ca2+ and the cytoskeleton. Protoplasma 1990 155 166-175. 

Fig. 7.6. A and B. Confocal laser scanning microscographs of schistosome adults showing auto-fluorescence 488 nm was used for excitation and 520 nm for emission. A. Mid-body of a male schistosome with the focus on the lumen of the bipartite gut (g). In bombarded worms, a pale auto-fluorescence sometimes occurs under in vitro culture conditions. This auto-fluorescence occurs over a wide spectrum of wavelengths.

Confocal laser scanning microscopy can be used in conjunction with microwave heating for examining the three-dimensional structure and cellular interrelationships in sections of paraffin-embedded tissues (Boon and Kok, 1994). Tissues are fixed with Kryofix, a coagulant fixative containing 50% ethyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol (PEG molecular weight 300) for 90 sec in a microwave oven. The use of thick paraffin sections (15 (xm) and fluorescently labeled antibodies is preferred. 

Confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy was used to study the exposure of the avidin-specific binding sites in the Av-GEB platform by the immobilization of a small and flexible biotinylated fluorescein molecule as a fluorescence marker. Fluorescence microscopy thus confirms that Av-GEB platform exposes active binding sites for biotin, acting as affinity matrix (Fig. 21.2B). After use, the electrode surface can be renewed by a simple polishing procedure for further uses, highlighting a clear advantage of this new material with respect to surface-modified approaches such as classical biosensors and other common... 

Fig. 21.2. (A) Schematic representation of the electrochemical DNA biosensing procedures based on Av-GEB. (B) Confocal laser scanning fluorescence microphotograph of Av-GEB transducers submitted to (i) non-biotinylated fluorescein (background adsorption) and (ii) 80 pmol of biotinylated fluorescein. Laser excitation was at 568 nm. Voltage 352 V (more details in Zacco et at., [65]).

Meeuwissen, M.E.M.J., et al. 1998. A cross-section device to improve visualization of fluorescent probe penetration into the skin by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Pharm Res 15 352. 

The distribution of LCM in the brain parenchyma was further analyzed using fluorescently labeled LCM and confocal laser scanning microscopy. As in the case of unlabeled LCM, rats bearing 9L gliosarcoma tumors were injected intravenously (i.e., via tail vein) with diO-LCM and sacrificed 2 min later. The brains were processed as described elsewhere (ref. 531). In this case,... 

Fig. 13.3. This figure demonstrates the distribution of fluorescently tagged LCM in brain parenchyma analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Rats bearing 9L tumors were administered diO-LCM and sacrificed 2 minutes later. Vibratome sections were counterstained with TR-WGA which binds to tumor cells and distinguishes the tumor area from the surrounding normal tissue. Comparison of the area stained with TR-WGA (tumor cells) (B) and that stained with diO (A) indicates that LCM were associated with a large portion of the tumor. (Taken from ref. 531.)...

Figure 4.10 A confocal laser scanning microscope image taken through the dorsal skinfold window chamber on a tie-2 GFP (green fluorescent protein) mouse. Two capillaries in which the endothelium is expressing GFP are shown in the image.

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