Fluidized beds flow diagram

A schematic flow diagram for the ALMA fluidized-bed process is shown in Figure 2 (121). Compressed air and butane are typically introduced... 

Fig. 2. Schematic flow diagram of the ALMA fluidized-bed process (121). BFW BFW = boiler feed water.

Figure 33. Pressure drop flow diagram for ideally fluidized bed.

Fixed-bed systems are the most common, but some countercurrent fluidized beds are in use. Flow diagrams are given in reference 47. The superficial velocities of gases in fixed beds should be about 1 ft/sec (0.3 m/sec) and those for liquids about 1 ft/min (0.3 m/min).48 See references 48 and 49 for more design information. 

Either naphthalene or ortho-xylene is an acceptable starting material for partial oxidation to phthalic anhydride, but current raw materials costs favor the former as a starting material. Both fixed and fluidized bed processes have been used on a commercial scale, but you are to focus your attention on the former. Figure 13.5 is a schematic flow diagram of the proposed process. Most research groups that have studied the catalytic oxidation of naphthalene over vanadium pentoxide agree that the principal reactions are... 

Phase Diagram (Zenz and Othmer) As shown in Fig. 17-2, Zenz and Othmer, (Fluidization and Fluid Particle Systems, Reinhold, New York, 1960) developed a gas-solid phase diagram for systems in which gas flows upward, as a function of pressure drop per unit length versus gas velocity with solids mass flux as a parameter. Line OAB in Fig. 17-2 is the pressure drop versus gas velocity curve for a packed bed, and line BD is the curve for a fluidized bed with no net solids flow through it. Zenz indicated that there was an instability between points D and H because with no solids flow, all the particles will be... 

Fluidized catalytic processes, in which the finely powdered catalyst is handled as a fluid, have largely replaced the fixed-bed and moving-bed processes, which use a beaded or pelleted catalyst. A schematic flow diagram of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is shown in Fig. 4. 

Figure 11 Carbon regeneration flow diagram. Exhausted carbon is sluiced from adsorbers, dewatered, and regenerated in a thermal furnace (multiple hearth, rotary kiln, infrared, or fluidized bed) the regenerated carbon is quenched and washed before returning to the adsorbers new carbon is washed and added to make up for the loss during regeneration (from Ref. 11).

Figure 14 Incineration system flow diagram. Waste is incinerated in the presence of air and supplemental fuel the incinerator can be multiple hearth, fluidized bed, liquid injection, rotary kiln, or other types caustic or lime scrubbers are used to remove gaseous pollutants from exhaust gases (from Ref. 11).

Figure 4.5 Schematic diagram of plug flow fluidized bed drier.

Figure 9. Schematic diagram of flow structure in a circulating fluidized bed...

However, by examining the adsorption behavior of polypeptides and proteins with comparable porous and nonporous particles in finite baths, packed columns and expanded or fluidized beds, an iterative simulation approach based on the heuristic principles described earlier and along the lines of the flow diagram shown in Fig. 32 can be developed, leading ultimately to the implementation of useful scale-up criteria. Along the way, computer simulations, generated from the analysis of the concentration-time... 

Fig. 7. Diagram of a fluidized bed crystalliser. A, Calming section to reduce large eddies B, reaction zone C, by-pass valve D, flow meter E, cooling coil F, solution reservoir.

Figure 11 shows the flow structures of the circulating fluidized bed (CFB) for all the preceding three operating modes. The curves in the lower diagram give computation results of af, ec and s, while the operating conditions and flow structures are summarized at the top. 

Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of fluidized-bed reactor showing gas flow directions and details of the porous disk supporting the catalyst powder.

Fig. 2.3 Flow diagram ofTi02 production by the k) Evaporator I) TiCU superheater m) O2 su-chloride process, a) Mill b) Silo c) Fluidized- perheater n) Burner o) Cooling coil p) Filter bed reactor d) Cooling tower e) Separation of q) Ti02 purification r) Silo s) Gas purification metal chlorides f) TiCU condensation g) Tank t) Waste-gas cleaning u) CI2 liquefaction, h) Cooler i) Vanadium reduction j) Distillation ...

Figure 13.12. Continuous flow-type reactors to measure dissolution rates, (a) Experimental scheme of the thin-film continuous flow reactor used for example by Bruno et al. (1991) to determine dissolution rate of UO2 under reducing conditions, (b) Schematic diagram of the fluidized-bed reactor by Chou and Wollast (1984), and developed further by Mast and Drever (1987).

Description of the Prototype Unit. As proof of concept, a facility was constructed in association with a conventional refuse transfer station. The plant is comprised of two modules, a 15 TPH RDF system in conjunction with a 1 TPH fluidized bed gasifier. A flow diagram is shown in Figure 1. 

Figure L Flow diagram of the laboratory test plant of fluidized-bed pyrolysis.

Typical flow diagrams for both stirred tank and fluidized bed resolution systems are shown in Figs. 7-26 and 7-27. They are shown, respectively, as series flow for the CSTR crystallizer system and parallel flow for the fluidized bed operation, but the decision to run in series or parallel is affected only slightly by the crystallizer type. 

Typical flow diagrams for both stirred tank and fluidized bed resolution systems are shown in Figs. 11-19 to 11-21. 

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